Violations of the ceasefire have continued to rise across Lebanon, with attacks on Beirut’s Southern Suburbs for the first time since the agreement came into effect in November 2024. June 2025 witnessed a pronounced intensification of Israeli military activity in Lebanon, characterized by an escalating use of airstrikes, drone warfare, and strategic signaling.

Lebanon’s Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) reports that, since October 2023, over 17 300 people were injured and more than 4100 were killed in Lebanon (as of February 2025). According to OHCHR, at least 71 civilians, including nine children and 14 women, have been killed in Lebanon during the ceasefire period.

Following Israel’s partial withdrawal from South Lebanon, while maintaining positions in five border areas, ceasefire violations persist. As of the end of May, nearly 981 500 internally displaced people (IDPs) have returned home, while 82 700 remain displaced, including 914 in collective shelters. Meanwhile, 39 800 Syrians fleeing Syria’s coastal areas arrived in North Lebanon, many seeking refuge in mosques, community halls, or with vulnerable families. Given the complexity and fluidity of population movements in the country, these observed returns cannot be considered permanent and should be viewed as a snapshot in time, as many people remain on the move.

As communities attempt to recover, families are returning to villages that have been decimated by violence and health workers are coping with the chaos of the past 16 months, placing immense pressure on Lebanon’s health system. Health workers are seeing an increased demand for hospitalization, complex medical interventions, and mental health services.

Health services have been severely impacted, and the widespread damage to water, sanitation, and municipal infrastructure heightens the risk of disease outbreaks. The conflict, which impacted one in ten hospitals and killed 241 health workers while on duty, has taken a devastating toll on health infrastructure, resulting in overwhelming health needs. Vaccination coverage has plummeted, leaving children vulnerable to preventable diseases, while thousands of individuals with life-changing traumatic injuries urgently require reconstructive surgery. Additionally, after enduring over a year of profound suffering, addressing mental health needs is critical to fostering recovery and resilience.