The U.S. entry into Israel’s war with Iran caused travel disruptions to pile up globally this week — with flight cancellations continuing Tuesday, even after President Donald Trump claimed a ceasefire was “in effect.”

Following unprecedented bombings ordered by Trump on three Iranian nuclear and military sites over the weekend, Iran on Monday launched a limited missile attack on U.S. forces at Qatar’s Al Udeid Air Base. Qatar, which was quick to condemn the attack, had temporarily closed its airspace just over an hour earlier.

Airports and skies throughout the region have been on edge since Israel began the deadly war on June 13 — with a surprise barrage of attacks on Iran, which responded with its own missile and drone strikes. And in the days following the escalatory U.S. strikes, more and more carriers canceled flights, particularly in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, which sit just across the Persian Gulf from Iran.

After a ceasefire was announced between Israel and Iran, some of those disruptions eased. But the truce appeared to be on shaky ground Tuesday, with Trump accusing both countries of violating the agreement — and many airlines have halted select routes through the middle of the week, citing safety concerns.

Mideast is worst affected

The Middle East carriers were severely affected with cancellations and delays this week.

Qatar Airways said its flights were suspended because of Monday’s closure of air traffic in Qatar. Qatar Airways shared that it was working to restore operations after the country’s airspace reopened — but noted that disruptions may continue through Thursday.

Emirates suspended all flights to Iran and Iraq, including those serving Baghdad and Basra, through June 30. An unspecified number of other Emirates flights were rerouted but continuing to operate flights as scheduled, using flight paths well distanced from conflict areas, according to the airline, which added that some flights may be delayed.

Etihad Airways, the other of the two flag carriers of the United Arab Emirates, suspended all flights between Abu Dhabi and Tel Aviv through July 15, and also announced several regional flight cancellations for Monday and Tuesday — including those connecting Abu Dhabi to and from Kuwait, Doha, Dammam and Muscat.

Gulf Air, the carrier of the Kingdom of Bahrain, extended the cancellation of scheduled flights to Jordan and until June 27.

Many other airlines cancel and delay flights

Meanwhile, Singapore Airlines canceled some flights to and from Dubai starting Sunday and through Wednesday, citing “a security assessment of the geopolitical situation in the Middle East.” And British Airways said it had suspended flights to and from Doha through Wednesday, adding that it “will keep the situation under review.”

Air India on Monday announced it was ceasing “all operations to the (Middle East) region as well as to and from the East Coast of North America and Europe” until further notice. But the airline, which is separately still reeling from a plane crash that killed at least 270 people earlier this month, later said it was working to “progressively resume” these routes starting Tuesday.

In other developments earlier Tuesday, Dutch carrier KLM said that it would be suspending its flights to Dubai in the UAE and Riyad and Damman in Saudi Arabia until further notice. Philippine Airlines canceled several flights to the Middle East, including those to Doha, Dubai and Riyadh for Tuesday and one to Doha Wednesday. Japan Airlines said a flight from Tokyo’s Haneda airport to Doha had to return Monday — adding that subsequently scheduled flights have all been canceled through June 27. And a Qatar Airways flight from Hong Kong to Doha was canceled on Tuesday.

Air tracking data from FlightAware showed 382 cancellations worldwide just after 10:30 a.m. ET Tuesday, following 834 cancellations seen Monday.

Safety comes first

Such disruptions have snarled travel, particularly as central hubs in the Middle East often connect flights worldwide — but experts stress that these kind of airspace closures and flight diversions are critical to ensuring safety, especially if future escalation emerges suddenly.

“It is the responsibility of states, countries to ensure that their airspace is safe for passage of aircraft,” Hassan Shahidi, president and CEO of the Flight Safety Foundation. He added that on Monday “the Qataris did the absolutely right thing to close their airspace because of the threat of conflict.”

Beyond Qatari airspace, Flightradar24 reported that UAE airspace was also closed for several hours Monday.

While the future is unknown, Ian Petchenik, director of communications at Flightradar24, noted that it’s important to remember airspace closures and flight cancellations reflect that “airlines, air traffic controllers and flight crews are doing their best to keep everybody safe.”

Shahidi added that it’s important for travelers to monitor government guidance — such as safety notices from the U.S. State Department.

Still, lengthy disruptions could carry more widespread implications. Beyond snarling global flight networks, Shahidi stresses that it’s very difficult for people who may need or want to evacuate countries impacted by the war to do so without access to commercial flights.

At the same time, he adds, it’s critical that state authorities focus on keeping their skies safe — pointing to past tragedies of passenger flights that were shot down by strikes. That includes Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, which was shot down by Russian-backed forces while flying over Ukraine in 2014, killing 298 people.

“We are all praying and urging resolution to this conflict — and especially as it relates to protection of civilian air travel,” Shahidi said. “We do not want to have an MH17, with innocent lives being lost in a missile strike … We do not want to repeat that history.”

Vietnam scrambled to offer no tax on U.S. imports after President Donald Trump hit the country with 46% tariffs, but that move wasn’t enough for Trump trade counselor Peter Navarro, who accused it of “cheating” and increased the expectations for countries targeted by new tariffs.

Navarro, Trump’s senior counselor for trade and manufacturing, said in an interview with CNBC Monday that the country’s offer “means nothing.”

“Let’s take Vietnam. When they come to us and say, ‘We’ll go to zero tariffs,’ that means nothing to us because it’s the nontariff cheating that matters,” he said.

Navarro said that the alleged “nontariff cheating” he referred to included letting China route its exports through a country to avoid tariffs, stealing intellectual property, and levying a value-added tax (VAT) on products.

Later, Navarro added that among the many problems the administration sees with its trading partners are export subsidies, currency manipulation, and “phony” technical and safety barriers for U.S. agricultural products.

“They all cheat us in a different way,” he said.

Fifty countries have already reached out to negotiate tariff agreements with the White House, Kevin Hassett, director of the National Economic Council, told Fox News Monday. And while Navarro said Trump would listen to any offers, the president has stood firm on last week’s “liberation day” tariffs so far.

On Monday, Trump threatened China with 50% additional tariffs if it did not drop its retaliatory tariffs on U.S. imports.

While Navarro argued that the Trump administration wants to restore “fairness” to global trade, he also seemingly moved the goalposts for negotiating countries by emphasizing “nontariff barriers” over foreign tariff policies. Eliminating many of these policies, such as VATs, would require major domestic changes in the target countries.

He called Vietnam and other countries’ offer of 0% tariffs on U.S. imports “a small first start.”

“This zero-tariff thing, it’s a misdirection,” he added.

Trump’s tariffs paired with a tax cut the administration is reportedly planning will help American workers, Navarro claimed.

Meanwhile, the stock market has plummeted on the tariff news, losing $6.6 trillion in value last week. On Monday afternoon stocks saw some relief but were still shaken. The tech-heavy Nasdaq was up less than 1% while the benchmark S&P 500 index was down 0.2%. The Dow Jones was down 1%.

Japan’s chief trade negotiator Ryosei Akazawa indicated his aim to resolve tariff talks in time for a June meeting between US President Donald Trump and Japan’s Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba following Trump’s surprise pivot to allow a partnership between two of the countries’ steelmakers.

“It’s been confirmed that the leaders of the two nations are looking forward to their meeting,” Akazawa told reporters in Washington on Friday after meeting US Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick and USTR Jamieson Greer. “We will do our best with that in mind.”

Akazawa’s remarks follow a phone call between Trump and Ishiba pledging to meet on the sidelines of Group of Seven summit next month. Hours after that, Trump indicated his approval for a partnership between Nippon Steel Corp. and United States Steel Corp., raising hopes that the president may be more willing to listen to Japan’s position.

Read more: Trump Shocks With US Steel-Nippon Approval But Details Elusive

The US president said the partnership would create at least 70,000 jobs and add $14 billion to the US economy. Leveraging the significance of Japan’s investment in the US economy is among the tactics Tokyo is likely using to win concessions from Washington on tariffs. Japan had the largest stockpile of foreign direct investment in the US in the five years to 2023, Department of Commerce data shows.

Akazawa said the investment by Nippon Steel will help the US economy, though he declined to comment on the implications of a corporate deal for the trade talks or whether the deal is a buyout prior to an official announcement by the US.

A separate Cabinet Office statement said that Akazawa had firmly requested that the US reconsider its tariffs on Japan. Akazawa said the talks centered on expanding trade, non-tariff measures and cooperation on economic security, and they had been franker and gone deeper than before.

As with other nations, Trump has slapped Japan with a 25% levy on autos, steel and aluminum and a 10% across-the-board tariff. The so-called reciprocal tariff is set to be raised to 24% in early July, barring a deal. Cars and auto parts comprise around a third of all exports to the US from Japan. The auto industry is a key driver of growth for Japan’s economy and employs around 8% of the work force.

With an upper house election coming up this summer, reaching a trade deal could help boost Ishiba’s approval ratings, which have dropped to the lowest levels of his premiership. Still, a deal that gives too much ground to the US, especially in the farming sector, without addressing auto tariffs could also backfire.

Read more: Japan PM Ishiba’s Support Falls, No Ouster Seen Before July

For Akazawa, this was the third round of top level trade talks with his US counterparts. He is expected to revisit the US to meet Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent next week. Speaking ahead of Friday meetings, Akazawa stressed the need of reaching the deal as a package and warned against rushing to it.

“It’s meaningless to talk about how close you have come for negotiation because, as it’s been said in English, nothing is agreed until everything is agreed,” Akazawa said.

America’s F-35 stealth fighter is seen by some allies as a potential vulnerability rather than a cutting-edge weapon that can boost warfighting capabilities.

In recent days, Canada and Portugal have expressed willingness to explore alternatives to the Lockheed Martin plane as President Donald Trump has sown doubt about the US commitment to the NATO alliance.

On Friday, Canadian Defense Minister Bill Blair said the country is actively looking at other fighter jets amid growing political momentum to scrap a $13 billion deal for 88 F-35s that was signed in 2023.

Canada has committed money for its first 16 planes, which are scheduled for delivery early next year. Blair indicated that after accepting that batch of F-35s, Canada could turn to European aircraft to replace its aging fleet of fighters.

“The prime minister has asked me to go and examine those things and have discussions with other sources, particularly where there may be opportunities to assemble those fighter jets in Canada,” he told the Canadian Broadcasting Corp., alluding to a Swedish proposal for Saab’s Gripen fighter.

A defense ministry spokesperson also told Bloomberg that the deal hasn’t been canceled, but Canada needs to “make sure that the contract in its current form is in the best interests of Canadians and the Canadian Armed Forces.”

The review of the F-35 deal comes has Trump has imposed tariffs on Canada and vowed to make the country the 51 state of the US, sparking outrage and boycotts of American products.

Meanwhile, Trump has long been skeptical of NATO and complained that member countries aren’t spending enough on defense. Despite allies boosting their outlays in recent years, he has signaled it’s not enough and threatened to not come to their aid.

“If they don’t pay, I’m not going to defend them. No, I’m not going to defend them,” he told reporters in the Oval Office last week.

In addition, Trump has threatened a trade war with Europe and alarmed allies there by warming up to Russia and halting US military aid to Ukraine, prompting the EU to embark on a massive military buildup in preparation for a world without a reliable US security shield.

The seismic developments rocking the trans-Atlantic alliance, which were underscored by Trump’s recent shouting match with Ukrainian President Volodymr Zelensky, are top of mind as another NATO ally weighs a separate purchase of fighter jets.

While Portugal’s air force has recommended buying F-35s, outgoing Defense Minister Nuno Melo told Público that the country can’t ignore the current geopolitical environment.

“The recent US stance in the context of NATO and the international geostrategic dimension, makes us think what are the best options, because the predictability of our allies is a factor to be reckoned with,” he said.

He added that “this ally of ours” could limit use as well as maintenance support and access to components that are needed to ensure the aircraft are operational “in all types of scenarios.”

“There are several options that must be considered, particularly in the context of European production,” Melo said, with the defense ministry later adding that Portugal isn’t ruling out the F-35.

Reluctance among foreign militaries to buy the F-35 comes on top of concerns that the Trump administration is looking to slash US defense spending. As the Pentagon’s most expensive acquisition program, the F-35 has been a perennial punching bag and has previously drawn Elon Musk’s scorn as being inferior to drones.

The White House and the Defense Department’s joint program office for the F-35 didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.

A spokesperson for Lockheed Martin said the company values its partnership and history with the Portuguese Air Force and looks forward to continuing that partnership in the future.

“The F-35 is the most advanced, survivable and connected fighter aircraft in the world, enabling 21st Century Security and allied deterrence,” Lockheed said in a statement to Fortune. “Questions about foreign military sales of the F-35 are best addressed by the US government.”

Lockheed provided a similar comment about Canada’s F-35 review.

In a separate statement to the CBC, the company sought to dispel online misinformation that claims the F-35 has a “kill switch” that allows the US government to cripple the aircraft, saying “we deliver all system infrastructure and data required for all F-35 customers to sustain the aircraft.”

Still, an American promise is looking more doubtful as the US upends traditional geopolitics, according to Quantum Strategy’s David Roche, who told CNBC earlier this month that “NATO is dead” as Trump distances the US from long-time allies.

That makes Russia’s Vladimir Putin and China’s Xi Jinping the big winners, as they see confirmation of their views that democratic powers are on the decline, Roche explained.

“The big loser is actually the US, because nobody will trust a US treaty again,” he added, noting that a lot of so-called Global South countries will fall into China’s orbit as a result.

U.S. President Donald Trump said a ceasefire between Iran and Israel was in effect Tuesday after the deal initially faltered, and the American leader expressed deep frustration with both sides.

Israel had earlier accused Iran of launching missiles into its airspace after the truce was supposed to take effect, and the Israeli finance minister vowed that “Tehran will tremble.”

The Iranian military denied firing on Israel, state media reported, but explosions boomed and sirens sounded across northern Israel in the morning, and an Israeli military official said two Iranian missiles were intercepted.

Trump told reporters at the White House before departing for a NATO summit that, in his view, both sides had violated the nascent agreement. He had particularly strong words for Israel, a close ally, while suggesting Iran may have fired on the country by mistake.

But later he said the deal was saved.

“ISRAEL is not going to attack Iran. All planes will turn around and head home, while doing a friendly “Plane Wave” to Iran. Nobody will be hurt, the Ceasefire is in effect!” Trump said in his Truth Social post.

Indeed, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office said he held off on tougher strikes against Iran after speaking to Trump.

The conflict, now in its 12th day, began with Israel targeting Iranian nuclear and military sites, saying it could not allow Tehran to develop atomic weapons and that it feared the Islamic Republic was close. Iran has long maintained that its program is peaceful.

Many worried the war might widen after the U.S. joined the attacks by dropping bunker-buster bombs over the weekend and Israel expanded the kinds of targets it was hitting.

But after Tehran launched a limited retaliatory strike on a U.S. military base in Qatar on Monday, Trump announced the ceasefire.

Israel accuses Iran of violating the truce. Iran denies that

The deal got off to a rocky start.

An Israeli military official who spoke on the condition of anonymity in line with military regulations said Iran launched two missiles at Israel hours into the tenuous ceasefire. Both were intercepted, the official said.

Iranian state television reported that the military denied firing missiles after the start of the ceasefire — while condemning Israel for predawn strikes of its own.

One of those attacks killed a high-profile nuclear scientist, Mohammad Reza Sedighi Saber, at his father-in-law’s residence in northern Iran, Iranian state TV reported.

As Trump spoke to reporters at the White House before departing for the NATO summit, he expressed disappointment with both sides.

Iran “violated it, but Israel violated it too,” Trump said. ”I’m not happy with Israel.”

Trump’s frustration was palpable, using an expletive to hammer home his point.

“We basically have two countries that have been fighting so long and so hard that they don’t know what the f—- they’re doing,” he said.

Later, however, he announced that Israel had backed off its threat to attack Tehran and would turn its jets around.

Netanyahu’s office said Israel struck an Iranian radar site in response to the Iranian missile attack early Tuesday, but Israeli forces held off on something bigger.

Following Trump’s conversation with Netanyahu, “Israel refrained from additional attacks,” Netanyahu’s office said.

Breakthrough announced after hostilities spread

Netanyahu said Israel agreed to a bilateral ceasefire with Iran, in coordination with Trump, after the country achieved all of its war goals, including removing the threat of Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs.

It’s unclear what role Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s leader, played in the talks. He said earlier on social media that he would not surrender.

Trump said Tuesday that he wasn’t seeking regime change in Iran, two days after floating the idea himself in a social media post.

“I don’t want it,” Trump told reporters on Air Force One. “Regime change takes chaos and, ideally, we don’t want to see much chaos.”

Before the ceasefire was announced, Israel’s military said Iran launched 20 missiles toward Israel. Police said they damaged at least three densely packed residential buildings in the city of Beersheba. First responders said they retrieved four bodies from one building and were searching for more. At least 20 people were injured.

Outside, the shells of burned out cars littered the streets. Broken glass and rubble covered the area. Police said some people were injured while inside their apartments’ reinforced safe rooms, which are meant to withstand rockets but not direct hits from ballistic missiles.

The attack followed a limited Iranian missile attack Monday on a U.S. military base in Qatar, retaliating for earlier American bombing of its nuclear sites. The U.S. was warned by Iran in advance, and there were no casualties.

Drones attacked military bases in Iraq overnight, including some housing U.S. troops, the Iraqi army and a U.S. military official said Tuesday.

A senior U.S. military official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly, said U.S. forces shot down drones attacking Ain al-Assad in the desert in western Iraq and at a base next to the Baghdad airport, while another one crashed.

No casualties were reported, and no group claimed responsibility for the attacks in Iraq. Some Iran-backed Iraqi militias had previously threatened to target U.S. bases if the U.S. attacked Iran.

Conflict has killed hundreds

In Israel, at least 28 people have been killed and more than 1,000 wounded in the war. Israeli strikes on Iran have killed at least 974 people and wounded 3,458 others, according to the Washington-based group Human Rights Activists.

The group, which has provided detailed casualty figures from Iranian unrest, said of those killed, it identified 387 civilians and 268 security force personnel.

The U.S. has evacuated some 250 American citizens and their immediate family members from Israel by government, military and charter flights that began over the weekend, a State Department official said.

There are roughly 700,000 American citizens, most of them dual U.S.-Israeli citizens, believed to be in Israel.