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The Northern Lights may be visible on camera — and possibly to the naked eye — in the U.S. as soon as it gets dark on Saturday, June 14, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center , with forecasts including a “strong” geomagnetic storm that could be visible from 18 U.S. states. Solar activity is currently at a 23-year high due to the current solar maximum period.

Northern Lights Forecast: Where And When

The latest forecast has a G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storm on June 14. However, NOAA states that there’s a slight chance for a G3 (strong) geomagnetic storm — and that’s why this forecast is worth knowing about. “Aurora has been seen as low as Illinois and Oregon (typically 50° geomagnetic latitude),” according to NOAA, though its aurora view line has the phenomenon potentially visible from parts of 18 states.

Parts of U.S. states that could potentially see aurora, according to NOAA, include Washington, northern Oregon, northern Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, northern Iowa, Wisconsin, northern Illinois, northern Indiana, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.

Check NOAA’s 30-minute forecast or use the Glendale App for up-to-the-minute forecasts.

NOAA

Northern Lights Forecast: Latitude And Time Of Year

All forecasts for the Northern Lights must now be viewed with suspicion. Late June is not traditionally considered the aurora-viewing season in the Northern Hemisphere, which is typically thought to be from September to March. That’s because there are now so few hours of darkness, with no astronomical darkness around the U.S.-Canada border and farther north. Although aurora can occasionally be seen in deep twilight, the display needs to be strong and the timing of outbursts fortunate.

Breathless forecasts have persisted through April, May, and June, partly due to inexperienced reporters and partly because the current solar maximum is experiencing repeated heightened activity from the sun.

Northern Lights Forecast: How To Photograph Aurora

It’s best to think of the Northern Lights in June as a photographic opportunity. Although you may see some structure with the naked eye, having a mirrorless or DSLR camera is the way to go — though newer models of flagship smartphones also do an excellent job of capturing aurora.

If your smartphone has a “Night Mode” feature, that should be good enough to get a more than impressive souvenir shot of the aurora. It likely means a long exposure of between five and 10 seconds, which will look much better if you do three things:

Use your primary lens, NOT the super-wide lens (which is inferior).

Use a basic smartphone holder and a small tripod to minimize camera shake, ensuring your images remain sharp. Failing that, support your phone on a solid surface, such as a gatepost or vehicle.

Shoot in raw if you have the option, which makes it easier to improve your photos with simple edits.

What Causes The Northern Lights

The Northern Lights are caused by the solar wind, a stream of charged particles from the sun interacting with Earth’s magnetic field. Although the magnetic field deflects much of it, some charged particles accelerate along the magnetic field lines toward the polar regions, where they collide with oxygen and nitrogen atoms, exciting them and causing them to release energy as light.

The forecast takes into account the effect of a coronal mass ejection — a burst of charged particles from the sun traveling through space and striking Earth’s magnetosphere — on June 8. A coronal hole in the sun is also causing a high-speed, turbulent solar wind.

Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes.

Sun news March 31: Powerful region continues its flaring reign

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Solar activity increased to moderate-high over the past 24 hours, driven by a series of five M-class (moderate) flares from prolific sunspot region AR4048. This new region is continuing to rotate into better view, revealing a large trailing penumbral spot group. The penumbra is the slightly lighter area of an active region surrounding one or more dark spots – umbras – where the sunspot’s magnetic field is strongest. So this region is showing promising size and magnetic complexity, although it’s too close to the solar horizon to give it a confident classification. Several other regions on the disk have been showing modest development, but none matched the activity of AR4048.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity over the past 24 hours increased to moderate-high levels with five M (moderate) flares. Region AR4048 remains the lead flare producer with 23 flares, including the five M flares. The largest event was an M1.6 flare beginning at 16:27 UTC on March 30 from AR4048. The event caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout over northern South America. The region also produced an M1.4 at 21:19 UTC on March 29 and an M1.5 flare at 1:19 UTC on March 30. The M1.4 and M1.5 flares also produced R1 radio blackouts over the Pacific Ocean.

over the past 24 hours increased to moderate-high levels with five M (moderate) flares. Region AR4048 remains the lead flare producer with 23 flares, including the five M flares. The largest event was an M1.6 flare beginning at 16:27 UTC on March 30 from AR4048. The event caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout over northern South America. The region also produced an M1.4 at 21:19 UTC on March 29 and an M1.5 flare at 1:19 UTC on March 30. The M1.4 and M1.5 flares also produced R1 radio blackouts over the Pacific Ocean. There are six active regions on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043 and AR4046 have beta-gamma magnetic complexities. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. Recent newcomer AR4048 is still too close to the limb (edge) to be sure of its classification.

on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043 and AR4046 have beta-gamma magnetic complexities. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. Recent newcomer AR4048 is still too close to the limb (edge) to be sure of its classification. Blasts from the sun? No new Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been observed.

No new Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been observed. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds declined from 500 km/s to ~450 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 417 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly southward and remains southward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras.

Solar wind speeds declined from 500 km/s to ~450 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 417 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly southward and remains southward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras. Geomagnetic activity: Earth’s geomagnetic field was at quiet-to-unsettled levels during the past day, Kp = 1-3.

Sun news March 30: A new region takes the lead in activity

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

A new region has emerged over the sun’s southeastern limb and immediately become the most active region we can see on our star. It produced an impressive 18 of the 20 flares fired over the last 24 hours, including three M-class flares. One of these flares fired out a coronal mass ejection (CME) that may prove to be Earth-directed. Since we saw an X flare yesterday and not today, we deem solar activity to have decreased from high to moderate. But this new active region is certainly cause for excitement.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity over the past 24 hours decreased to moderate levels with three M flares. Region AR4046 may have produced an X1.1 flare on Friday, but region AR4048 has now emerged and taken the lead in activity. AR4048 produced the three M flares as well as 15 C flares. The total flare production was 20 flares over the last 24 hours, with the remaining two flares from AR4046. The largest event was an M1.9 flare beginning at 22:38 UTC on March 29 from AR4048. The region also produced an M1.4 at 21:19 UTC on March 29 and an M1.5 flare at 1:19 UTC on March 30. The M1.9 flare caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean. The M1.4 and M1.5 flares also produced R1 radio blackouts over the Pacific Ocean.

over the past 24 hours decreased to moderate levels with three M flares. Region AR4046 may have produced an X1.1 flare on Friday, but region AR4048 has now emerged and taken the lead in activity. AR4048 produced the three M flares as well as 15 C flares. The total flare production was 20 flares over the last 24 hours, with the remaining two flares from AR4046. The largest event was an M1.9 flare beginning at 22:38 UTC on March 29 from AR4048. The region also produced an M1.4 at 21:19 UTC on March 29 and an M1.5 flare at 1:19 UTC on March 30. The M1.9 flare caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean. The M1.4 and M1.5 flares also produced R1 radio blackouts over the Pacific Ocean. There are six active regions on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043, AR4046, and AR4048 all have beta-gamma magnetic complexities. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. There is a newcomer, AR4048.

on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043, AR4046, and AR4048 all have beta-gamma magnetic complexities. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. There is a newcomer, AR4048. Blasts from the sun? A fast coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with the March 28 X1.1 flare is expected to travel behind Earth, but potential shock influences could impact Earth today. A CME from an M flare blasted near the solar disk’s center at 21:38 UTC yesterday is still under review for any Earth-directed component.

A fast coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with the March 28 X1.1 flare is expected to travel behind Earth, but potential shock influences could impact Earth today. A CME from an M flare blasted near the solar disk’s center at 21:38 UTC yesterday is still under review for any Earth-directed component. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds declined from 625 to 520 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 458 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly southward and is now northward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras.

Solar wind speeds declined from 625 to 520 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 458 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly southward and is now northward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras. Geomagnetic activity: Earth’s geomagnetic field was at quiet-to-unsettled levels during the past day, Kp = 1-3.

Sun news March 29: Ka-BOOM! X flare and a powerful sun blast

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

An X flare – the strongest category of solar flare – erupted from the sun’s eastern limb yesterday at 14:57 UTC (9:57 a.m. CDT on March 28). The X1.1 flare occurred on the northeast limb (edge) from an incoming active region, now numbered AR4046. And it produced a glorious coronal mass ejection (CME) – a great blast of solar materials and magnetic fields – which is not headed in Earth’s direction. The size of the prominence it hurled into space was dramatic. The event registered as an X1.1 flare, but part of the sun blocked our view of the huge prominence, so surely it was a much bigger blast. The blast caused an R3 (strong) radio blackout affecting an area over the Atlantic Ocean, east of French Guiana.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity over the past 24 hours increased to strong levels after the production of an X1.1 flare. In addition to the X flare, the sun produced three M flares after the big blast. An M1.0 at 18:01 UTC on March 28 produced by the X flare producer, AR4046 on the northeast limb (edge). The other two Ms were an M1.1 at 19:26 UTC and an M1.8 flare at 23:39 UTC both on March 28 by sunspot region AR4045 in the southeast. Flare productivity was 13 flares, one X, three Ms and nine C flares.

over the past 24 hours increased to strong levels after the production of an X1.1 flare. In addition to the X flare, the sun produced three M flares after the big blast. An M1.0 at 18:01 UTC on March 28 produced by the X flare producer, AR4046 on the northeast limb (edge). The other two Ms were an M1.1 at 19:26 UTC and an M1.8 flare at 23:39 UTC both on March 28 by sunspot region AR4045 in the southeast. Flare productivity was 13 flares, one X, three Ms and nine C flares. There are five active regions on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043 recovered its gamma magnetic complexity and now shows a beta-gamma configuration. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. There is a newcomer on the Earth-viewed side of our star, author of the X1.1 flare now numbered AR4046. Analysts are waiting for this sunspot region to move away from the limb to better determine its magnetic characteristics after the X flare.

on the solar disk viewed from Earth. AR4043 recovered its gamma magnetic complexity and now shows a beta-gamma configuration. The remaining sunspot regions have either alpha or beta configurations. There is a newcomer on the Earth-viewed side of our star, author of the X1.1 flare now numbered AR4046. Analysts are waiting for this sunspot region to move away from the limb to better determine its magnetic characteristics after the X flare. Blasts from the sun? The X flare is under modeling and analysis to determine if there is an Earth-directed component of the coronal mass ejection (CME) produced during the event. A faint CME was observed associated with a C3.9 flare by AR4043 at 3:01 UTC on March 27. Analysis points to a glancing blow at Earth on April 1.

The X flare is under modeling and analysis to determine if there is an Earth-directed component of the coronal mass ejection (CME) produced during the event. A faint CME was observed associated with a C3.9 flare by AR4043 at 3:01 UTC on March 27. Analysis points to a glancing blow at Earth on April 1. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged 550 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 552 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is mostly northward with a short southward period. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras.

Solar wind speeds averaged 550 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 552 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is mostly northward with a short southward period. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras. Geomagnetic activity: Earth’s geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled levels during the period. Kp = 4 levels were observed late yesterday into early today.

? X1.1 solar flare!

At 14:57 UTC, the Sun erupted on its northeast limb, launching a huge flare + filament. Most of it looks to be heading away from Earth, but it’s a stunning show from our star!

#SolarFlare #SpaceWeather #XFlare updates at bit.ly/sunactivity [image or embed] — Dr. C. Alex Young (@thesuntoday.bsky.social) March 28, 2025 at 11:30 AM

Sun news March 28: Giant coronal hole moving out of geoeffective position

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity over the past 24 hours had gone back to low levels. Flare productivity reduced as well. Between 11 UTC on March 27 and 11 UTC on March 28, the sun produced eight C flares. And the largest event was a C8.8 flare at 22:24 UTC on March 27, produced by active region AR4043 in the sun’s northeast. AR4043 blasted out five of the eight flares of the period.

over the past 24 hours had gone back to low levels. Flare productivity reduced as well. Between 11 UTC on March 27 and 11 UTC on March 28, the sun produced eight C flares. And the largest event was a C8.8 flare at 22:24 UTC on March 27, produced by active region AR4043 in the sun’s northeast. AR4043 blasted out five of the eight flares of the period. There are currently five active regions on the solar disk as viewed from Earth. AR4043 lost its gamma magnetic complexity and today all sunspot regions bear alpha or beta configurations. There are two newcomer on the Earth-viewed side of our star, now numbered AR4044 and AR4045.

on the solar disk as viewed from Earth. AR4043 lost its gamma magnetic complexity and today all sunspot regions bear alpha or beta configurations. There are two newcomer on the Earth-viewed side of our star, now numbered AR4044 and AR4045. Blasts from the sun? A filament eruption in the southeast quadrant at around 22 UTC on March 27 produced a beautiful prominence. Initial analysis appoint the plasma hurled into space too south out of Earth direction. Nevertheless, complete model and analysis ongoing to determine of there is a component heading our way at Earth. Other than that no Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed in available coronagraph imagery during the past day.

A filament eruption in the southeast quadrant at around 22 UTC on March 27 produced a beautiful prominence. Initial analysis appoint the plasma hurled into space too south out of Earth direction. Nevertheless, complete model and analysis ongoing to determine of there is a component heading our way at Earth. Other than that no Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed in available coronagraph imagery during the past day. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds reduced to an average of 690 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 660 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) mostly north oriented with a short period southward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras.

Solar wind speeds reduced to an average of 690 km/s during the last 24 hours. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 660 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at low levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) mostly north oriented with a short period southward. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras. Geomagnetic activity: Earth’s geomagnetic field a couple of synoptic 3 hour periods yesterday March 27 from 12 to 18 UTC when it reached a G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm (Kp = 5) level. After that the geomagnetic disturbance started to reduce to Kp = 4 levels.

Sun news March 27: A massive coronal hole is bombarding Earth. More auroras tonight?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Sun news update: Click play on the video above to watch the impressive flare at Bluesky.

Earth is currently in the firing line of one of the largest coronal holes we’ve seen in Solar Cycle 25 so far. This area of lower density in the sun’s atmosphere is bombarding our magnetic field with fast solar wind. And this has been combining with slower solar wind to create a co-rotating interaction region – a complex blob of compressed solar wind – that has disturbed Earth’s magnetic field over the past few days. Last night we saw G1 (minor) to G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storming, bringing auroras to northerly latitudes. And we could see more auroras tonight, before the solar wind effects start to wane tomorrow. Clear skies, aurora hunters, and share your beautiful photos with us!

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity remains at moderate levels after the production of an isolated M flare over the past 24 hours. This time it was an M2.1 flare at 0:37 UTC on March 27 blasted out by active region AR4043 in the northeast. Shortly after the flare an R1 (minor) radio blackout was registered affecting an area over the Pacific Ocean, west of Fiji Island. During the past 24 hours the sun produced 12 flares – one M and 11 C flares – half of them sparked by AR4043.

remains at moderate levels after the production of an isolated M flare over the past 24 hours. This time it was an M2.1 flare at 0:37 UTC on March 27 blasted out by active region AR4043 in the northeast. Shortly after the flare an R1 (minor) radio blackout was registered affecting an area over the Pacific Ocean, west of Fiji Island. During the past 24 hours the sun produced 12 flares – one M and 11 C flares – half of them sparked by AR4043. There are currently only two active regions on the sun. That’s one of the lowest numbers we’ve seen in a while. The last time we saw no sunspots at all was June 8, 2022. AR4043 retains its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and remains the most productive region. The other region, AR4035, has a simpler beta configuration.

on the sun. That’s one of the lowest numbers we’ve seen in a while. The last time we saw no sunspots at all was June 8, 2022. AR4043 retains its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and remains the most productive region. The other region, AR4035, has a simpler beta configuration. Blasts from the sun? No Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were hurled from the sun during the past day.

No Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were hurled from the sun during the past day. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds increased to an average of 800 km/s, with a peak of 864 km/s early this morning. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 730 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at moderately disturbed levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is fluctuating between north and south, and is southward at this writing. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras.

Solar wind speeds increased to an average of 800 km/s, with a peak of 864 km/s early this morning. At the time of this writing (11 UTC) the solar wind speed is 730 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is at moderately disturbed levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is fluctuating between north and south, and is southward at this writing. A southward Bz is favorable for auroras. Geomagnetic activity: Our geomagnetic field has been disturbed to active levels for most of the past day, starting at 12 UTC on March 26 when it reached a G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm (Kp = 5) level. It peaked at a G2 (moderate, Kp = 6) level at 18 UTC on March 26. A G1 level is ongoing at this writing.

Sun news March 26: Solar wind impact underway, more auroras tonight?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Auroras lit up northern skies last night, after a powerful co-rotating interaction region – a complex blob of compressed solar wind – arrived as expected. On the coat-tails of this blob was a blast of high-speed solar wind from a giant coronal hole in the sun’s southern hemisphere. The impact has already stirred Earth’s magnetic field to a G1 (minor) disturbance, and could trigger G1–G2 (minor–moderate) geomagnetic storms through March 27, with effects potentially reverberating into March 28. Did you see the auroras last night? Share your beautiful photos with us. And clear skies for tonight and tomorrow, aurora hunters!

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity jumped up to moderate with the production of an isolated M flare over the past 24 hours. The event was an M1.0 from active region AR4043 in the northeast quadrant at 8:09 UTC on March 26. The blast caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Arabian Sea east of Somalia. The sun produced 18 flares during the period, with eight flares from prolific flare producer AR4036.

jumped up to moderate with the production of an isolated M flare over the past 24 hours. The event was an M1.0 from active region AR4043 in the northeast quadrant at 8:09 UTC on March 26. The blast caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Arabian Sea east of Somalia. The sun produced 18 flares during the period, with eight flares from prolific flare producer AR4036. There are currently four active regions on the sun. AR4036 retained its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and remains the most productive region. The rest of the active regions have simpler alpha or beta configurations. Most of them have decayed or remain stable. There is a newcomer in the northeast quadrant, labeled AR4043.

on the sun. AR4036 retained its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and remains the most productive region. The rest of the active regions have simpler alpha or beta configurations. Most of them have decayed or remain stable. There is a newcomer in the northeast quadrant, labeled AR4043. Blasts from the sun? An Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) hurled from the sun on March 22 arrived over the past day, but did not have much impact. No other Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph imagery.

An Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) hurled from the sun on March 22 arrived over the past day, but did not have much impact. No other Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph imagery. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds have remained normal, averaging ~350 km/s to ~360 km/s. At the time of this writing it is peaking at 370 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) briefly jumped to disturbed levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is mostly oriented northward.

Solar wind speeds have remained normal, averaging ~350 km/s to ~360 km/s. At the time of this writing it is peaking at 370 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) briefly jumped to disturbed levels. The Bz component (north-south orientation) is mostly oriented northward. Geomagnetic activity: Our geomagnetic field’s activity peaked at a G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm (Kp = 5) at 2:59 UTC on March 26, and was otherwise mainly at around Kp = 4 levels.

Well, that was rather nice! ?? The sky went into outburst at 12.30am, just in time before the clouds rolled in again! What a vibrant pink sky, clearly visible to the naked eye! Oh how I have missed this! ? Views from my window, Sperrins, overlooking Keady mountain. @chunder10 pic.twitter.com/whUPZ8r9Z6 — Rachel Cassidy (@cassidy_rachel) March 26, 2025

Sun news March 25: Beautiful auroras tonight?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Space weather experts are predicting beautiful auroral displays at northerly latitudes tonight! That’s because a giant coronal hole is now facing Earth and sending a stream of fast solar wind our way. This stream is expected to catch up with slower wind ahead of it, forming a co-rotating interaction region (CIR): a powerful structure that can stir up Earth’s magnetic field. This blast of solar wind could trigger geomagnetic activity tonight and into tomorrow. In fact, NOAA has issued a G2 (Moderate) geomagnetic storm alert for March 25. Clear skies and good luck, aurora hunters! And in other news, Mercury passed between Earth and the sun yesterday, with the SOHO spacecraft watching on. Take a look at the imagery below.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity remains at low levels with only C flares fired over the past 24 hours. However, flare production has increased, with 21 total C flares in the past day. The largest event was a C3.4 flare at 0:40 UTC on March 25 from active region AR4036 in the northwest. AR4036 produced 13 of the day’s flares.

remains at low levels with only C flares fired over the past 24 hours. However, flare production has increased, with 21 total C flares in the past day. The largest event was a C3.4 flare at 0:40 UTC on March 25 from active region AR4036 in the northwest. AR4036 produced 13 of the day’s flares. There are four active regions on the sun. AR4036 retained its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and is the most productive region we can see now. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations, remaining stable or in decay.

on the sun. AR4036 retained its beta-gamma magnetic configuration and is the most productive region we can see now. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations, remaining stable or in decay. Blasts from the sun? An Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) hurled from the sun on March 22 arrived over the past day, but did not have much impact. No other Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph imagery.

An Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) hurled from the sun on March 22 arrived over the past day, but did not have much impact. No other Earth-directed CMEs were observed in available coronagraph imagery. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds dropped, ranging from ~360 km/s to ~376 km/s. These solar wind conditions reflect a waning coronal hole influence. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remained low. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between north and southward. It is currently southward oriented.

Solar wind speeds dropped, ranging from ~360 km/s to ~376 km/s. These solar wind conditions reflect a waning coronal hole influence. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remained low. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between north and southward. It is currently southward oriented. Geomagnetic activity: Our geomagnetic field’s activity peaked at Kp = 4 during a 3-hour period late on March 24. For the rest of the day the Kp index was between 2 and 3.

Sun news March 24: Enormous coronal hole to stir things up

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Geomagnetic activity is expected to heat up over the next few days. That’s because a giant coronal hole will soon be facing Earth and sending its fast solar wind our way. Plus, this stream will catch up with slower wind ahead of it, forming a powerful structure known as a co-rotating interaction region (CIR). This blast of solar wind could really stir up geomagnetic activity on Earth tomorrow and Wednesday.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Sun news March 23: Parker Solar Probe’s fearless March 22 perihelion

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Today’s top story: Parker Solar Probe has now successfully completed yet another record-setting close flyby of the sun. Its 23rd solar encounter peaked around 23 UTC on March 22, marking its 2nd-closest approach, almost within 3.8 million miles of the sun, and traveling at nearly 426,000 mph. This encounter began on March 18 and continues through March 27, with the next closest approach scheduled for June 19, 2025.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity has dropped to low with only C flares over the past day. The largest event was a C5.0 flare at 17:27 UTC on March 22 from active region AR4035 in the north central. Total flare production was 19 C flares.

has dropped to low with only C flares over the past day. The largest event was a C5.0 flare at 17:27 UTC on March 22 from active region AR4035 in the north central. Total flare production was 19 C flares. There are 11 active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. AR4036 continues to grow in size and magnetic complexity, and two new sunspot regions have emerged. AR4036 in the northwest is the only active region showing a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, indicating a potential for strong flares. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay. There are three newcomers on the solar disk. They are AR4020 and AR4022 that emerged in the southeast quadrant; AR4041 in the northeast.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. AR4036 continues to grow in size and magnetic complexity, and two new sunspot regions have emerged. AR4036 in the northwest is the only active region showing a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, indicating a potential for strong flares. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay. There are three newcomers on the solar disk. They are AR4020 and AR4022 that emerged in the southeast quadrant; AR4041 in the northeast. Blasts from the sun? There are no confirmed CMEs heading earthward. A faint, wide-angle coronal mass ejection (CME) from a filament eruption near disk center between 13:00–15:00 UTC on March 22 is still under analysis for potential Earth-directed effects.

There are no confirmed CMEs heading earthward. A faint, wide-angle coronal mass ejection (CME) from a filament eruption near disk center between 13:00–15:00 UTC on March 22 is still under analysis for potential Earth-directed effects. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds ranged from ~400–550 km/s. The solar wind showed signs of waning CME effects and ongoing CH HSS influence. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength declined from a peak. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between south and north.

Solar wind speeds ranged from ~400–550 km/s. The solar wind showed signs of waning CME effects and ongoing CH HSS influence. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength declined from a peak. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between south and north. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field is unsettled at this writing (Kp = 3 at around 11 UTC). The geomagnetic field reached G1–G2 (minor–moderate) geomagnetic storm levels over the past day, due to CME and coronal hole high-speed stream (solar wind) effects.

What’s ahead? Sun-Earth forecast

Low-to-moderate flare activity is expected over the next 24 hours, with a chance of isolated M-class flares. The chance for M flares is 30% today, and the chance for X flares is 5% today.

over the next 24 hours, with a chance of isolated M-class flares. The chance for M flares is 30% today, and the chance for X flares is 5% today. Blasts from the sun? NOAA issued a G3 (strong) geomagnetic storm watch due to a coronal mass ejection (CME), due to arrive on March 23. The blob of solar stuff left the sun on March 21.

NOAA issued a G3 (strong) geomagnetic storm watch due to a coronal mass ejection (CME), due to arrive on March 23. The blob of solar stuff left the sun on March 21. Geomagnetic activity forecast: The geomagnetic field is expected to reach G1 (minor) to G2 (moderate) levels during today March 22. All this is due to a CME influence combined with fast solar wind from a coronal hole and a resulting CIR. G3 (strong) levels are anticipated for March 23 with the arrival of a CME that left the sun on March 21. Additional solar wind enhancements are likely through March 25, driven by coronal hole effects and a developing corotating interaction region (CIR). Stay tuned!

Sun news March 22: Not a myth! Aurora season is happening now

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Auroras lit up the skies just after this week’s March equinox. Earth’s magnetic field was disturbed to G1 (minor) and G2 (moderate) storm levels (Kp = 5–6) from late March 21 into early March 22. Displays were seen across Scandinavia, including Kiruna, Tromsø, and Rovaniemi. The activity was driven by a coronal mass ejection (CME) combined with fast solar wind from a coronal hole, forming a corotating interaction region (CIR) that stirred Earth’s magnetic field. As expected, the three coronal holes reported yesterday are sending high-speed streams, contributing to ongoing geomagnetic activity. Another CME from March 21 is on the way, and NOAA has issued a geomagnetic storm watch with a chance for G3 (Strong) storm conditions on March 23. Keep an eye on the skies—more auroras may be on the way! P.S. Yes, it’s true that auroras happen more frequently around the equinoxes. Read about it here.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity is back up to moderate with an isolated M flare over the past day. The M1.2 flare blasted out at 15:58 UTC on March 21 from active region AR4028 in the southwest. The flare caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Atlantic Ocean. Total flare production was seven flares, the M and six C flares.

is back up to moderate with an isolated M flare over the past day. The M1.2 flare blasted out at 15:58 UTC on March 21 from active region AR4028 in the southwest. The flare caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Atlantic Ocean. Total flare production was seven flares, the M and six C flares. There are 11 active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. Active region AR4036 in the northwest is now the only active region showing a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, becoming the most interesting sunspot region on the solar disk for now. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay. There are four newcomers today on the solar disk as we see it from Earth. They are AR4036 and AR4037 that emerged in the northwest quadrant; AR4038 in the southeast and AR4039 in the northeast.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. Active region AR4036 in the northwest is now the only active region showing a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, becoming the most interesting sunspot region on the solar disk for now. The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay. There are four newcomers today on the solar disk as we see it from Earth. They are AR4036 and AR4037 that emerged in the northwest quadrant; AR4038 in the southeast and AR4039 in the northeast. Blasts from the sun? The M1.2 flare by AR4028 is under analysis to determine if there is a component of a coronal mass ejection (CME) coming our way at Earth after the blast.

The M1.2 flare by AR4028 is under analysis to determine if there is a component of a coronal mass ejection (CME) coming our way at Earth after the blast. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged around 520 km/s with a peak at 580 km/s late on March 21, dropped down to 430 km/s during this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was strongly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) remained south oriented late on March 21 early today, March 22. It is back to northward at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Auroral displays may be heightened when Bz is directed southward.

Solar wind speeds averaged around 520 km/s with a peak at 580 km/s late on March 21, dropped down to 430 km/s during this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was strongly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) remained south oriented late on March 21 early today, March 22. It is back to northward at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Auroral displays may be heightened when Bz is directed southward. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field was active late yesterday through early this morning. It was disturbed up to G1 (minor) to a G2 (moderate) levels (Kp = 5 – 6). This was due to the passage of a CME that left the sun likely on March 17 combined with a corotating interaction region (CIR).

Sun news March 21: A powerful burst! But the sun naps on

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

We reached the peak of Solar Cycle 25 late last year. And we can expect solar activity to remain high throughout 2025, if not longer. But over the past day the sun has been napping. Just three C (common) flares flickered to life in the past 24 hours, making it one of the quietest days we’ve seen in awhile. Even Earth’s magnetic field seemed to be relaxing, with only minor geomagnetic stirrings. The biggest excitement came from a filament eruption southeast of the sun’s disk center around 18 UTC. It launched a blob of solar plasma and magnetic fields that might be heading our way. Space weather experts are currently analyzing the trajectory. Meanwhile, three coronal holes scattered across the solar disk are poised to send streams of fast solar wind toward Earth. And as that speedy solar wind catches up with slower-moving wind ahead of it, a corotating interaction region (CIR) could form, potentially giving Earth’s magnetic field a bit of a shakeup in the next couple of days. Stay tuned. This calm might just be the quiet before the solar storm.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity dropped down to low, with only C flares over the past day. This was one of the lowest flare production days this year so far, with only three Cs. The largest was a C4.4 flare produced by active region AR4025 in the sun’s northwest quadrant at 17:10 UTC on March 20. The sun produced no flares on March 21 up to the time of this writing (11 UTC).

dropped down to low, with only C flares over the past day. This was one of the lowest flare production days this year so far, with only three Cs. The largest was a C4.4 flare produced by active region AR4025 in the sun’s northwest quadrant at 17:10 UTC on March 20. The sun produced no flares on March 21 up to the time of this writing (11 UTC). There are eight active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. Active region AR4035, now centered in the sun’s northeast quadrant, developed a gamma complexity; today it shows a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, giving it the most potential for producing big flares of any active region on the Earth-facing solar disk. Will it deliver? Who knows? The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. Active region AR4035, now centered in the sun’s northeast quadrant, developed a gamma complexity; today it shows a beta-gamma magnetic configuration, giving it the most potential for producing big flares of any active region on the Earth-facing solar disk. Will it deliver? Who knows? The remaining active regions show simpler alpha or beta configurations and remain stable or in decay. Blasts from the sun? Other than the blast described above (which is still under analysis), no coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Earth-oriented were observed in available coronagraph imagery over the past day.

Other than the blast described above (which is still under analysis), no coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Earth-oriented were observed in available coronagraph imagery over the past day. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged 400 km/s (894,775 mph) early today then dropped to 380 km/s (about 850,036 mph) this morning. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) wasmmildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly northward and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Auroral displays may be heightened when Bz is directed southward.

Solar wind speeds averaged 400 km/s (894,775 mph) early today then dropped to 380 km/s (about 850,036 mph) this morning. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) wasmmildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly northward and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Auroral displays may be heightened when Bz is directed southward. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled levels during most of the day (Kp = 2 – 3).

Sun news March 20: Will the equinox bring beautiful auroras?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

The March equinox arrived at 9:01 UTC (4:01 CDT) this morning, and auroras are triggered much more easily around the time of an equinox. Could we be treated to some equinox auroras today? A G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm was registered between 18 and 21 UTC last night. And while activity has dropped this morning, fast solar wind and a potential coronal mass ejection (CME) impact could be enough to cause auroras later today. Stay tuned!

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity jumped back up to a moderate level after an isolated M1.5 flare over the past 24 hours. The blast was produced by active region AR4031 in the northwest at 20:40 UTC on March 19. The flare provoked an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area in the middle of the Pacific Ocean west of Galapagos. The sun produced 10 flares during our observation period: an M plus nine C flares.

jumped back up to a moderate level after an isolated M1.5 flare over the past 24 hours. The blast was produced by active region AR4031 in the northwest at 20:40 UTC on March 19. The flare provoked an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area in the middle of the Pacific Ocean west of Galapagos. The sun produced 10 flares during our observation period: an M plus nine C flares. There are currently eight active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. All of them are showing simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. All of them are showing simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations. Blasts from the sun? Specialists have announced that the coronal mass ejection (CME) we saw yesterday at 0:44 UTC is not Earth-bound.

Specialists have announced that the coronal mass ejection (CME) we saw yesterday at 0:44 UTC is not Earth-bound. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged at around 460 km/s (1,030,000 mph) early today and dropped down to 441 km/s (about 1,000,000 mph) at the time of this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remains mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly north-oriented and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward.

Solar wind speeds averaged at around 460 km/s (1,030,000 mph) early today and dropped down to 441 km/s (about 1,000,000 mph) at the time of this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remains mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly north-oriented and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field was enhanced to an active level late yesterday, with the anticipated G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm arriving early. It brought auroral conditions at 21:15 UTC last night. The active level (Kp 5) was recorded between 18 and 21 UTC.

Sun news March 19: See 2 beautiful sun blasts at once

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

At 0:44 UTC this morning, two filaments – long ropes of solar material and magnetic fields – erupted from our star in near-perfect unison. And the eruption you can see toward the sun’s center sent a blob of sun-stuff – a coronal mass ejection or CME – soaring out into space. Analysts are currently determining whether it could be on a course for Earth. It would be well timed if it did, as auroras are triggered much more easily around the time of an equinox. In fact, even a slight increase in the solar wind tomorrow could bring beautiful auroras. Stay tuned!

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity back to a low level. The sun produced only 10 faint C flares over the past 24 hours. The largest event of the period was a C2.2 flare from an unnumbered active region in the northwest at 12:27 UTC on March 18.

back to a low level. The sun produced only 10 faint C flares over the past 24 hours. The largest event of the period was a C2.2 flare from an unnumbered active region in the northwest at 12:27 UTC on March 18. There are currently 10 active regions on the solar disk as we see it from Earth. All of them show simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations. There is a newcomer in the northeast quadrant now numbered AR4035.

on the solar disk as we see it from Earth. All of them show simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations. There is a newcomer in the northeast quadrant now numbered AR4035. Blasts from the sun? No coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Earth-bound have been confirmed from yesterday’s M1 and C9.8 flares. But the central filament eruption mentioned above certainly hurled plasma into space. Initial impressions suggest it will pass to the north of Earth, but but we’re waiting for the specialists to complete their modeling and analysis.

No coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Earth-bound have been confirmed from yesterday’s M1 and C9.8 flares. But the central filament eruption mentioned above certainly hurled plasma into space. Initial impressions suggest it will pass to the north of Earth, but but we’re waiting for the specialists to complete their modeling and analysis. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged at around 460 km/s, peaking at 473 km/s at the time of this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remains mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly south-oriented for most of the past day and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward.

Solar wind speeds averaged at around 460 km/s, peaking at 473 km/s at the time of this writing. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remains mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was mostly south-oriented for most of the past day and remains so at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field has been quiet-to-unsettled, with an active level (Kp = 4) reached between 3 and 6 UTC on March 19.

Sun news March 18: Activity rises with big back-to-back blasts

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Sun activity has jumped up to moderate after sunspot region AR4033 fired an M1.0 flare at 19:33 UTC last night. Interestingly, just a few minutes earlier, a C9.8 flare – almost an M flare – blasted from a filament in the vicinity of this same sunspot region, giving the impression of an almost-double-M flare. And both flares launched blobs of solar material and magnetic fields (coronal mass ejections, or CMEs) into space. It appears these might be headed for Earth, although modeling is still ongoing. Stay tuned.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity jumped up to a moderate level with the production of an M1.0 flare, the largest event of the period. Active region AR4033, in the northeast, released the flare at 19:33 UTC on March 17. The blast caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Pacific Ocean west of Galapagos. The sun produced 16 flares: the M1.0 and 15 C flares.

jumped up to a moderate level with the production of an M1.0 flare, the largest event of the period. Active region AR4033, in the northeast, released the flare at 19:33 UTC on March 17. The blast caused an R1 (minor) radio blackout that affected an area over the Pacific Ocean west of Galapagos. The sun produced 16 flares: the M1.0 and 15 C flares. There are 12 active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. All of them show simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations. Sunspot regions AR4025 and AR4028 have lost their more complex gamma structures.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. All of them show simple alpha or beta magnetic configurations. Sunspot regions AR4025 and AR4028 have lost their more complex gamma structures. Blasts from the sun? Two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the M1 and C9.8 flares were observed by the SOHO spacecraft at 19:36 UTC. Initial analysis suggests an earthly trajectory, but further modeling is in progress.

Two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the M1 and C9.8 flares were observed by the SOHO spacecraft at 19:36 UTC. Initial analysis suggests an earthly trajectory, but further modeling is in progress. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged at around 400 km/s, dropping as low as 330 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was southward for most of the past day, before moving north at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward.

Solar wind speeds averaged at around 400 km/s, dropping as low as 330 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was mildly disturbed. The Bz component (north-south orientation) was southward for most of the past day, before moving north at the time of this writing (11 UTC). Geomagnetic activity is heightened when Bz is directed southward. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field has been unsettled, with an active level (Kp = 4) reached at 20:59 UTC on March 17.

Sun news March 17: Calm, with an exciting sun-blast possibility

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Sun activity has been low overall. But a glancing blow from a coronal mass ejection (CME) – a giant blast of sun-stuff and magnetic fields – could be possible at Earth on March 20. A filament eruption in the sun’s northwest quadrant on March 16 resulted in a slow, faint CME, first observed at 11:24 UTC in imagery from the SOHO spacecraft’s LASCO C2 coronagraph. Modeling suggests a glancing blow to Earth around midday on March 20 cannot be ruled out. Meanwhile, solar wind speeds continue to decrease, but another high-speed stream (CH HSS) is expected to enhance conditions – bringing better conditions for auroral displays – by March 18.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Flare activity remained at low levels with the production of only C flares. The largest event was a C7.8 flare from active region AR4030 in the southeast at 5:42 UTC on March 17. The sun produced 10 flares.

remained at low levels with the production of only C flares. The largest event was a C7.8 flare from active region AR4030 in the southeast at 5:42 UTC on March 17. The sun produced 10 flares. There are 12 active regions on the Earth-facing solar disk. Sunspot regions AR4025 and AR4028 have beta-gamma magnetic configurations. The remaining sunspot regions have simpler alpha or beta magnetic structures.

on the Earth-facing solar disk. Sunspot regions AR4025 and AR4028 have beta-gamma magnetic configurations. The remaining sunspot regions have simpler alpha or beta magnetic structures. Blasts from the sun? As mentioned above, a filament eruption in the sun’s northwest quadrant at 08:58 UTC on March 16 might have caused a slow, faint coronal mass ejection (CME). LASCO C2 imagery detected the CME at 11:24 UTC. It might deliver a glancing blow to Earth around midday on March 20.

As mentioned above, a filament eruption in the sun’s northwest quadrant at 08:58 UTC on March 16 might have caused a slow, faint coronal mass ejection (CME). LASCO C2 imagery detected the CME at 11:24 UTC. It might deliver a glancing blow to Earth around midday on March 20. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds gradually decreased from ~500 km/s to 410-430 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength remained weak. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between the north and southward direction.

Solar wind speeds gradually decreased from ~500 km/s to 410-430 km/s. The total interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength remained weak. The Bz component (north-south orientation) fluctuated between the north and southward direction. Geomagnetic activity: The geomagnetic field was quiet, with one early unsettled period. Quiet to active (Kp = 2 to 4).

Find archived versions of past days’ sun news here.

Sun news March 16: A timely low, and a quiet Sun Day

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

NASA and NOAA teamed up in October 2024 to make it official: the sun is past Solar Maximum. Join EarthSky’s Deborah Byrd and heliophysicist C. Alex Young of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center talking about what that means. Watch in the player above, or on YouTube.

Happy Sun Day! The sun is covered with 13 sunspot groups or active regions. Despite this solar activity remains at low levels, with only C flares observed. Geomagnetic activity also remains quiet to unsettled, with isolated active periods possible through March 18. Is this weekend’s quiet a preview of what’s to come for our local star? After all, as NASA and NOAA announced in October 2024, we’re now past the peak of the current sunspot cycle, Cycle 25. Heliophysicist C. Alex Young and EarthSky’s founder Deborah Byrd discussed that announcement in October, in this livestream. Watch here, or in the video player below.

Sun-Earth highlights in the past day

Sun news June 18: Volatile sunspot region blasts an X flare!

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Today’s top story: Bam! At 21:49 UTC last night, prolific sunspot region AR4114 fired an X flare, the most powerful category of solar flare. We mentioned in yesterday’s sun news that an X flare could be on the way, judging by the region’s impressive size and magnetic complexity, and AR4114 quickly delivered with an X1.3. This region is facing straight at us, but it seems the flare didn’t send out any sun-stuff that could trigger auroras on Earth. But, thanks to solar wind streaming from a coronal hole and potential shocks from earlier coronal mass ejections (CMEs), there’s still a chance for G1 (minor) geomagnetic storms over the next few days.

Solar activity remains high. AR4114 produced an X1.3 flare at 21:49 UTC on June 17, accompanied by a solar radio burst. This region continues to dominate solar activity with its complex beta-gamma-delta magnetic structure. AR4115 grew in size and produced several smaller flares, including an M1.5 event.

remains high. AR4114 produced an X1.3 flare at 21:49 UTC on June 17, accompanied by a solar radio burst. This region continues to dominate solar activity with its complex beta-gamma-delta magnetic structure. AR4115 grew in size and produced several smaller flares, including an M1.5 event. The sun currently has seven visible sunspot regions . AR4114 remains the most active and complex region, showing minor development. AR4115 continues to grow and interact magnetically with AR4114. Other regions remain smaller and less complex. A new region on the southeast limb is emerging, but remains difficult to assess.

. AR4114 remains the most active and complex region, showing minor development. AR4115 continues to grow and interact magnetically with AR4114. Other regions remain smaller and less complex. A new region on the southeast limb is emerging, but remains difficult to assess. Blasts from the sun? Multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been identified over the past day, but none were Earth-directed. Analysts determined that all ejecta either passed north of Earth, behind Earth, or came from the far side of the sun. A glancing impact from the June 15 CME associated with AR4114 remains possible on June 18. Another shock from a C5.5 flare at 8:13 UTC on June 17 may arrive on June 20.

Multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been identified over the past day, but none were Earth-directed. Analysts determined that all ejecta either passed north of Earth, behind Earth, or came from the far side of the sun. A glancing impact from the June 15 CME associated with AR4114 remains possible on June 18. Another shock from a C5.5 flare at 8:13 UTC on June 17 may arrive on June 20. Solar wind: Solar wind speeds averaged at 470–520 km/s thanks to a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was steady, while the north-south component (Bz) fluctuated between north and south. Density stayed near or slightly below average.

Solar wind speeds averaged at 470–520 km/s thanks to a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was steady, while the north-south component (Bz) fluctuated between north and south. Density stayed near or slightly below average. Earth’s magnetic field stayed quiet to unsettled (Kp = 1-3). A G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm watch is in effect for June 20 in anticipation of possible shock passage from the June 17 CME.

What’s ahead? Sun-Earth forecast

Moderate-to-low flare activity is expected in the coming day. The chance for M (moderate) flares is 75% today and the chance for X (strong) flares is 25%.

in the coming day. The chance for M (moderate) flares is 75% today and the chance for X (strong) flares is 25%. Geomagnetic activity forecast: Coronal hole high-speed stream (CH HSS) conditions should persist through June 19. Analysts expect slightly-elevated-to-elevated solar wind conditions, with a possible glancing blow from the June 15 coronal mass ejection (CME) later on June 18. Another interplanetary shock from the June 17 C5.5 flare could trigger active conditions or a G1 (minor) geomagnetic storms on June 20. Otherwise, geomagnetic conditions should remain quiet to active with unsettled intervals.

? Boom! Sunspot AR4114 just fired off an X1.3 flare at 21:49 UTC on June 17! Did it also throw a solar spitball (CME) at Earth? Stay tuned for the latest on this solar action! ??? #SpaceWeather #SolarFlare #heliophysics Updates at bit.ly/sunactivity [image or embed] — Dr. C. Alex Young (@thesuntoday.bsky.social) June 17, 2025 at 5:49 PM

Sun news June 17: Will this volatile sunspot region fire X flares?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Solar activity remains high thanks to several M flares from prolific sunspot region AR4114 over the past 24 hours, including an M6.3 flare. The region continues to grow, and has maintained its highly complex beta-gamma-delta magnetic structure. That means it has the potential to produce more large M flares and even X flares. Stay tuned!

Solar activity remains high, with multiple M flares fired over the past day. AR4114 produced an M6.3 flare at 9:38 UTC on June 16. AR4109, now over the western horizon, produced an M1.4 flare at 11:39 UTC and an M1.1 at 14:55 UTC on June 16.

remains high, with multiple M flares fired over the past day. AR4114 produced an M6.3 flare at 9:38 UTC on June 16. AR4109, now over the western horizon, produced an M1.4 flare at 11:39 UTC and an M1.1 at 14:55 UTC on June 16. The sun currently has six visible sunspot regions . AR4114 dominates with its large, complex magnetic field and continues to drive most flaring. AR4109 rotated off the disk. AR4116 continues growing but remains quiet. The remaining regions are small and magnetically simple.

. AR4114 dominates with its large, complex magnetic field and continues to drive most flaring. AR4109 rotated off the disk. AR4116 continues growing but remains quiet. The remaining regions are small and magnetically simple. Blasts from the sun? The coronal mass ejection (CME) linked to a C6.5 flare from AR4107 has moved well ahead of Earth and poses no threat. The CME from AR4114’s M6.3 flare traveled northward, with no expected impact. The earlier CME from AR4114’s M8.4 flare at 18:07 UTC on June 15 may still deliver a glancing shock around June 18.

The coronal mass ejection (CME) linked to a C6.5 flare from AR4107 has moved well ahead of Earth and poses no threat. The CME from AR4114’s M6.3 flare traveled northward, with no expected impact. The earlier CME from AR4114’s M8.4 flare at 18:07 UTC on June 15 may still deliver a glancing shock around June 18. Solar wind: The solar wind remains elevated thanks to a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. Solar wind speeds have been ranging between 470–520 km/s (1,051 to 1,163 mph) elevated bet. The interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF) has been steady, while the north-south component (Bz) has been fluctuating between north and south. A southward Bz is more favorable for auroras.

The solar wind remains elevated thanks to a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. Solar wind speeds have been ranging between 470–520 km/s (1,051 to 1,163 mph) elevated bet. The interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF) has been steady, while the north-south component (Bz) has been fluctuating between north and south. A southward Bz is more favorable for auroras. Earth’s magnetic field remained quiet to unsettled. The Kp index briefly reached 4 on June 16 under elevated solar wind conditions.

Sun news June 16: Flurry of flares continues – more to come?

(11 UTC to 11 UTC)

Solar activity remains high with multiple M flares fired over the past day, including a powerful M8.4 from region AR4114. More intense flaring could be on the way, as several active sunspot regions are evolving. AR4114 in particular is showing significant magnetic complexity and potential for strong flaring. As well as a flurry of flares, we observed two blasts of sun-stuff – coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – over the past day. The most recent of these, associated with the M8.4 flare, may deliver Earth a glancing blow around June 18. This could trigger G1 (minor) geomagnetic storms and potential auroras over the next few days. Stay tuned!

Solar activity remains at high levels after several M-class flares. AR4105 produced an M2.2 flare at 7:56 UTC on June 15, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed off the west limb (edge) at 8:12 UTC. The same region produced an M1.9 flare at 10:47 UTC on June 15. The most significant flare of the past 24 hours was an M8.4 from AR4114 at 18:07 UTC on June 15. This flare was associated with another CME spotted over the northern horizon at 18:24 UTC.

remains at high levels after several M-class flares. AR4105 produced an M2.2 flare at 7:56 UTC on June 15, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed off the west limb (edge) at 8:12 UTC. The same region produced an M1.9 flare at 10:47 UTC on June 15. The most significant flare of the past 24 hours was an M8.4 from AR4114 at 18:07 UTC on June 15. This flare was associated with another CME spotted over the northern horizon at 18:24 UTC. The sun currently has six visible sunspot regions . AR4105 continues to decay as it rotates toward the southwest limb. In contrast, AR4114 has grown significantly in both area and magnetic complexity, developing a pronounced delta configuration with an east-west-oriented magnetic inversion line, which increases the chance of further significant flaring. A large sunspot region in the northwest remains the largest on the disk, exhibiting steady growth. In the southeast, another region has shown modest growth in both its leading and trailing spots. The remaining sunspot regions are relatively small and magnetically simple.

. AR4105 continues to decay as it rotates toward the southwest limb. In contrast, AR4114 has grown significantly in both area and magnetic complexity, developing a pronounced delta configuration with an east-west-oriented magnetic inversion line, which increases the chance of further significant flaring. A large sunspot region in the northwest remains the largest on the disk, exhibiting steady growth. In the southeast, another region has shown modest growth in both its leading and trailing spots. The remaining sunspot regions are relatively small and magnetically simple. Blasts from the sun? Scientists have observed two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the past day. The first, associated with the M2.2 flare from AR4105, was fired off the west limb at 8:12 UTC on June 15, and modeling indicates it is not Earth-directed. The second CME, associated with the M8.4 flare from AR4114, was observed off the north limb at 18:24 UTC on June 15. Current analysis suggests that most of this CME will pass north of Earth’s orbit, but there remains the potential for a glancing shock impact around June 18.

Scientists have observed two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the past day. The first, associated with the M2.2 flare from AR4105, was fired off the west limb at 8:12 UTC on June 15, and modeling indicates it is not Earth-directed. The second CME, associated with the M8.4 flare from AR4114, was observed off the north limb at 18:24 UTC on June 15. Current analysis suggests that most of this CME will pass north of Earth’s orbit, but there remains the potential for a glancing shock impact around June 18. Solar wind: Solar wind conditions remain elevated due to the influence of a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. Over the past 24 hours, wind speeds ranged from 454 to 596 km/s (1,000 to 1,300 mph). The interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF) fluctuated, while the north-south component (Bz) generally trended weak and northward. A southward Bz is more favorable for auroras.

Solar wind conditions remain elevated due to the influence of a coronal hole’s high-speed solar wind stream. Over the past 24 hours, wind speeds ranged from 454 to 596 km/s (1,000 to 1,300 mph). The interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF) fluctuated, while the north-south component (Bz) generally trended weak and northward. A southward Bz is more favorable for auroras. Earth’s magnetic field activity over the past 24 hours remained quiet-to-unsettled, with Kp values ranging from 2 to 3. No geomagnetic storm conditions were observed, but continued elevated solar wind speeds kept conditions disturbed throughout the period.

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Bottom line: Sun news June 18, 2025: X flare! AR4114 lived up to its potential, releasing an X1.3 flare at 21:49 UTC June 17. The blast produced a radio burst but no CME.

Find archived versions of past days’ sun news here.

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Moderate-class flares expected with a slight chance of Strong flares. Slight chance of G1 Minor Storms day 2 (20 Jun).

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Moderate with one Moderate class flare at 18/0000 UTC from a new region on the southeast limb. There are eight sunspot regions on the disc, with the two closely located spots in the northwest continuing to bring the potential for further notable flares. The larger of these showed some coalescing of small spots, but continues to have a small mixed polarity region, while the other region remains relatively simpler but with some small spots on its northern periphery. The two regions moving onto the disc from the southeastern limb appear relatively magnetically simple, but remain difficult to accurately assess. The other regions remained largely small and simple.

A number of CMEs (coronal mass ejections) were observed leaving the Sun, however these have all be analysed as missing Earth.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds showed the ongoing peripheral fast wind influence from the broad coronal hole across the southwest disc. Wind speeds were slightly elevated at 450-500 km/s, then rose from 18/1930 UTC to be elevated at 550-580 km/s. Interplanetary Magnetic Field was weak to moderate with its north-south component remained variable in direction. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet to Unsettled (Kp 2-3).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) remained at background levels with no Solar Radiation Storms observed.

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Moderate activity is expected, with further Moderate flares, but with a slight chance of rising to high with an isolated Strong (X-class) flare, mainly from the large region in the northwest.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Glancing CME from 15 Jun has most probably missed on 18 Jun, however a glancing interaction remains possible early on day 1 (19 Jun). A further CME from 17 Jun has been reassessed as potentially having a component that may glance Earth later on day 2 (20 Jun), but mostly passing to the north and east. Otherwise ongoing fast solar winds are likely to gradually ease, although further enhancements are possible, most likely on days 2-3 (20-21 Jun). Geomagnetic activity is expected to be mainly Quiet to Unsettled with a chance of Active intervals and a slight chance of G1/Minor Storm intervals, most likely on day 2 (20 Dec).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) is likely to remain at background levels. However, the large complex of sunspots in the northern disc brings a slight chance of reaching the S1 Minor Radiation Storm level if any significant flares occur.

Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.

Newsweek AI is in beta. Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content.

As 2024 draws to a close, the skies over parts of the United States may offer a dazzling display of nature’s fireworks in the form of the aurora borealis, or northern lights, thanks to heightened solar activity.

Several eruptions occurred on the sun’s surface over the weekend, with two sending material hurtling toward Earth. When this material, called a coronal mass ejection (CME), arrives at Earth on New Year’s Eve, it will interact with Earth’s atmosphere to form auroras.

“There have been multiple M-Class and X-Class solar flares in recent days that are forecast to make at least a glancing blow to the Earth’s magnetosphere sometime over the next 48-72 hours between Monday night and Wednesday night,” Brandon Buckingham, a meteorologist at AccuWeather, told Newsweek.

“Because of the multiple solar flares and the degree of uncertainty of the speed at which they will travel towards the Earth, the forecast time frame for a potential impact from a CME is rather wide—even though the onset of the event is expected to be soon.”

The northern lights in northern Alaska. A strong geomagnetic storm is expected to light up parts of the sky over the U.S. on New Year’s Eve. The northern lights in northern Alaska. A strong geomagnetic storm is expected to light up parts of the sky over the U.S. on New Year’s Eve. Mike Beauchamp/Getty

When Will Northern Lights Be Visible on New Year’s Eve?

The exact time at which the geomagnetic storm will hit is difficult to predict. Auroras are typically best viewed during the darkest part of the night, around midnight and the early hours of the morning.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center, “We will not know the true potential of geomagnetic disturbance levels of response until the CME(s) arrive 1 million miles from Earth (when they will be about 30-60 minutes from reaching our planet) and their structure and intensity can be measured by our solar wind observatories.”

Where Can I See the Northern Lights?

NOAA is predicting that the northern lights could be viewable on New Year’s Eve over a smaller part of the U.S. than the sightings earlier this year, though it may be seen by residents of states that border Canada.

Forecast maps shared by the Space Weather Prediction Center show parts of more than a dozen northern states highlighted with a low-to-medium likelihood of being in the “aurora viewline” from December 30 to New Year’s Day.

While it is not certain that the northern lights will be viewable in any of the lower 48 states over New Year’s, they might be seen in parts of the following states: Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.

A map shows where auroras are likely to be visible across the U.S. on New Year’s Eve. Solar material is set to interact with Earth’s atmosphere, generating impressive views for those in northern regions. A map shows where auroras are likely to be visible across the U.S. on New Year’s Eve. Solar material is set to interact with Earth’s atmosphere, generating impressive views for those in northern regions. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center

How Can I Increase My Chances of Seeing the Northern Lights?

For your best chances of seeing the northern lights tonight, head out to a dark location far from city lights and look northward. Let your eyes fully adjust to the darkness for about 20 minutes.

“One factor aiding in the potential to see the lights is that we are currently in a New Moon phase, allowing the night sky to be very dark,” Buckingham said.

“Unfortunately, over the next few days, clear skies will be tough to come by across the northern tier of the United States, likely making it very difficult for widespread viewing ability.”

Buckingham pointed to the northern Plains (Dakotas, eastern Montana) as the best place to catch a glimpse of the auroras on Tuesday evening.

What Is a Geomagnetic Storm?

A geomagnetic storm is a disturbance in Earth’s magnetosphere caused by solar wind and charged particles ejected from the sun, such as during a solar flare or coronal mass ejection.

These storms can disrupt satellite communications, power grids and navigation systems while also creating spectacular auroras.

Solar flares occur when the sun’s intense magnetic fields twist and reconnect, releasing vast amounts of energy.

These flares are typically linked to active regions on the sun, which are often visible as sunspots—areas where the magnetic fields are most concentrated and dynamic.

Flares are classified by their intensity, starting with the smallest, B-class, and progressing through C, M and, the most powerful, X-class.

Much like the Richter scale for earthquakes, this classification system is logarithmic, with each step representing a tenfold increase in energy. An X-class flare is therefore 10 times stronger than an M-class flare and 100 times more intense than a C-class flare.

“A flurry of activity occurred the weekend of 28–29 December,” the NOAA’s geomagnetic storm watch said on Monday. This “litany” of flares sent out a number of CMEs, with two expected to arrive at Earth over New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day.

CMEs can interact with Earth’s magnetic field to create geomagnetic storms. These storms, if strong enough, produce spectacular auroras visible at lower latitudes.

Auroras occur when charged solar particles interact with Earth’s magnetic field, traveling down its lines toward the poles. Upon entering the atmosphere, these particles collide with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, releasing energy as vibrant colors of light.

The predominant green hues often seen in auroras are characteristic of oxygen, while nitrogen can produce purples, blues and pinks.

Rare scarlet-red auroras occur during particularly energetic events.

Can You Take Pictures of the Northern Lights With a Phone?

Cameras are much better at picking up auroras than our eyes, so even if you can’t see the northern lights yourself, you might be able to catch a spectacular New Year’s Eve picture.

If your camera has a longer exposure “Night Mode,” this will help increase your odds. For crystal-clear shots, try using a tripod or something to support your phone.

Do you have a tip on a science story that Newsweek should be covering? Do you have a question about solar flares and the Northern Lights? Let us know via science@newsweek.com.

Update 12/31/24, 6:52 a.m. ET: The article was updated to reflect that the geomagnetic storm is forecast for tonight.