India-UK CETA: Free Trade Pact to Boost Jobs, Investment, and Exports
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Diverging Reports Breakdown
India-UK Free Trade Deal Eliminates Duties on 99% of Indian Exports
India and the United Kingdom have finalized a Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) The agreement provides duty-free access to 99% of Indian exports to the UK market. The removal of duties on USD 23 billion worth of Indian goods represents immediate savings for exporters. The agreement is expected to boost export volumes and create jobs across manufacturing hubs in India.Economic analysts project that the agreement could increase bilateral trade by 28-30% over the next five years. The deal includes provisions for mutual recognition of standards in specific sectors, streamlining export procedures and reducing compliance costs for businesses on both sides. It also establishes frameworks for cooperation on certification standards and innovation.
The trade deal represents one of the most extensive agreements India has signed with a developed economy, removing tariffs across multiple sectors and creating new opportunities for businesses in both countries.
Key Sectors Benefiting from the Agreement
The CETA agreement delivers substantial advantages to numerous Indian industries seeking access to the UK market. Major sectors set to gain from the deal include:
Agriculture and marine products
Leather goods and textiles
Engineering and electronics
Pharmaceuticals and chemicals
Gems and jewelry
These industries will now enjoy preferential or zero-duty access to UK consumers, allowing Indian exporters to compete more effectively with global suppliers. The agreement is expected to boost export volumes and create jobs across manufacturing hubs in India.
Services Trade and Professional Mobility
Beyond merchandise trade, the agreement contains provisions to enhance services exports, with a focus on information technology and professional services. The deal includes measures to improve mobility for Indian professionals working in the UK market.
“This agreement creates pathways for skilled Indian workers to contribute to the UK economy while gaining international experience,” said a government official familiar with the negotiations.
A notable feature of the agreement exempts Indian workers from mandatory social security contributions in the UK, allowing them to avoid double taxation and retain more of their earnings.
Standards and Innovation Cooperation
The trade deal also establishes frameworks for cooperation on certification standards and innovation. This will help Indian manufacturers align their production processes with UK requirements, reducing non-tariff barriers that often impede trade.
The agreement includes provisions for mutual recognition of standards in specific sectors, streamlining export procedures and reducing compliance costs for businesses on both sides.
Technical cooperation mechanisms will allow Indian firms to access UK expertise in emerging technologies and innovation practices, supporting industrial modernization efforts.
Economic Impact and Implementation Timeline
Economic analysts project that the agreement could increase bilateral trade by 28-30% over the next five years. The removal of duties on USD 23 billion worth of Indian goods represents immediate savings for exporters and makes Indian products more competitive in the UK market.
The agreement follows years of negotiations that intensified after Brexit, as the UK sought to establish independent trade relationships outside the European Union framework.
Implementation will occur in phases, with some tariff reductions taking effect immediately upon ratification, while others will be gradually phased in over 3-5 years to allow industries time to adjust.
Both governments have established joint committees to monitor the agreement’s implementation and resolve any disputes that may arise. The deal includes review mechanisms to assess economic impacts and make adjustments as needed.
As global trade patterns continue to evolve amid economic uncertainties, this agreement positions both India and the UK to strengthen their commercial relationship and create new avenues for economic growth and cooperation.
India-UK Free Trade Agreement: What is FTA? Sector-wise benefits for Indian economy – EXPLAINED
India and the UK signed a landmark Free Trade Agreement (CETA) on July 24, 2025. It is expected to benefit Indian sectors like agriculture, textiles, engineering, and services, while fostering innovation and investment. The deal was signed by Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and his British counterpart Jonathan Reynold in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and British counterpart Keir Starmer. The article highlights sector-wise benefits for the Indian economy. It also highlights the benefits of the CETA for India’s agriculture sector, which will see duty-free access to the UK market. The agreement will also help unlock new opportunities in clean energy, digital technologies, life sciences, and advanced manufacturing. It will boost bilateral trade by around USD 34 billion annually, officials said. The India–UK FTA will reduce trade barriers, enhance investor confidence, and promote joint ventures and technology transfers, especially in labour intensive sectors like textiles & apparel, leather & leather goods, gems & jewellery, marine products, besides others.
Photo : ET Now Digital
India-UK Free Trade Agreement: The deal was signed by Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and his British counterpart Jonathan Reynold in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his British counterpart Keir Starmer. (Image: PIB)
Article Highlights India and the UK inked a landmark free trade agreement that will cut tariffs on array of items, besides boosting bilateral trade by around USD 34 billion annually.
The deal was signed by Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and his British counterpart Jonathan Reynold in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his British counterpart Keir Starmer.
The deal, firmed up after three years of negotiations, is expected to benefit 99 per cent Indian exports from tariff and will make it easier for British firms to export several products to India.
India-UK Free Trade Agreement: India-UK Free Trade Agreement: India and the UK on Thursday (July 24) inked a landmark free trade agreement (FTA ) that will significantly improve market access and will boost bilateral trade by around USD 34 billion annually.
Officially termed as CETA (Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement ), the deal was formalised in presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his British counterpart Keir Starmer.
The article highlights sector-wise benefits for the Indian economy. Firstly, understand what is a FTA.
What is FTA?
A free trade agreement is an arrangement between two or more countries where they agree either to end or reduce customs duties on the maximum number of goods traded between them, besides cutting down non-trade barriers on a significant value of imports from partner countries and easing norms to promote services exports and bilateral investments.
The subjects covered under these pacts range from 10 to 30. Across the globe, over 350 FTAs are currently in force and most of the nations have signed one or more such agreements.
India-UK Free Trade Agreement: Benefits For Indian Economy The FTA is expected to benefit 99 per cent Indian exports from tariff and will make it easier for British firms to export whisky, cars and other products to India besides boosting the overall trade basket, according to officials.
The trade deal, firmed up after three years of negotiations, is expected to ensure comprehensive market access for Indian goods across all sectors and India will gain from tariff elimination on about 99 per cent of tariff lines (product categories) covering almost 100 per cent of the trade values, they said.
CII said, once implemented, the India–UK FTA is expected to reduce trade barriers, enhance investor confidence, and promote joint ventures and technology transfers, especially in labour intensive sectors like textiles & apparel, leather & leather goods, gems & jewellery, marine products, besides others.
The agreement will provide a strong framework for unlocking new opportunities in clean energy, digital technologies, life sciences, and advanced manufacturing. India’s rapidly growing market and manufacturing capabilities, combined with the UK’s strengths in innovation, finance, and high-end services, will further accelerate bilateral economic relations.
India-UK Free Trade Agreement: Sector-Wise Highlights of CETA Agriculture:
India to get duty-free access in several agri goods in the UK, such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, turmeric, pepper, cardamom, and processed goods like ready-to-eat food, mango pulp, pickles, and pulses.
Over 95 per cent of agricultural and processed food tariff lines will attract zero duty.
Duty-free access is expected to increase agri exports by over 20 per cent in the next three years, contributing to India’s goal of USD 100 billion agri-exports by 2030.
Provisions related to Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) will streamline certification, cutting down time and cost for exporters.
The FTA creates new market access for emerging products, such as jackfruit, millets, and organic herbs, helping farmers diversify against domestic price volatility.
India’s fisheries sector, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, will see expansion through access to the UK’s USD 5.4 billion marine import market.
India is not giving any tariff concessions on sensitive sectors – dairy products, apples and oats, and edible oils.
India exports worth USD 36.63 billion globally, while the UK imports USD 37.52 billion, but imports just USD 811 million from India, indicating a room for growth in high-value agri products.
States like Maharashtra (grapes, onions), Gujarat (groundnut, cotton), Punjab and Haryana (basmati rice), Kerala (spices), and NE states (horticulture) stand to benefit from the pact. Marine:
The CETA eliminates UK tariffs on India’s marine products.
It will help improve the price realisation for Indian exporters, benefits that flow down to coastal fisherfolk through higher procurement rates.
Despite the UK’s USD 5.4 billion marine import market, India’s share remains at just 2.25 per cent, underscoring a significant untapped export opportunity.
With existing UK tariffs on Indian shrimp ranging between 4.2 per cent and 8.5 per cent, the FTA’s tariff elimination is expected to unlock rapid growth, particularly in shrimp, tuna, fishmeal, and feeds.
Shrimp, tuna, fishmeal, and feeds, currently taxed between 4.2 per cent and 8.5 per cent, will become completely duty-free.
The FTA’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures help Indian exporters meet UK standards with ease, reducing rejections and strengthening trust.
Despite strong demand, India’s current share in UK marine imports is only 2.25 per cent, leaving massive room for expansion. Plantation Sector:
The UK already represents a significant market for India, absorbing 1.7 per cent of coffee, 5.6 per cent of tea, and 2.9 per cent of spice exports, now primed for exponential growth with duty-free access on these products.
Duty-free access to instant coffee will help Indian businesses compete with other European suppliers of instant/value-added coffee, such as Germany, Spain, and the Netherlands.
FTA will create a powerful springboard for boosting exports of value-added coffee products, particularly Indian instant coffee, to the UK. Oilseeds:
With reduced tariffs and streamlined procedures, Indian Oilseed exporters can become more competitive in the UK market, potentially leading to higher exports. Textiles:
Zero-duty market access for the textiles and clothing sector accounts for 1,143 tariff lines (or product categories), contributing 11.7 per cent.
India is facing a duty disadvantage vis-a-vis Bangladesh, Pakistan and Combodia, which had duty free access to the UK market. The FTA eliminates the tariff on textile imports from India, thereby enhancing its competitiveness.
In textiles and clothing, while the UK’s total imports (USD 26.95 billion) are lower than India’s global exports (USD 36.71 billion), India still supplies worth only USD 1.79 billion to the UK.
Sectors poised for exponential growth include RMG (ready-made garments), Home Textiles, Carpets, and Handicrafts, where the removal of duties creates immediate and substantial competitive advantages.
India is expected to gain at least 5 per cent additional market share in the UK within 1 to 2 years. Engineering:
Number of goods to get zero-duty market access.
The UK is India’s 6th largest engineering export market; it records strong trade momentum with growth of 11.7 per cent in 2024-25 over the previous year.
India’s global exports are USD 77.79 billion, while the UK imports USD 193.52 billion worth of such products, yet only USD 4.28 billion comes from India, signalling strong potential for expansion.
With tariff elimination (as high as 18 per cent) under the FTA, engineering exports to the UK could nearly double in the next five years, reaching over USD 7.5 billion by 2029-30.
Healthy Growth Projections: Export of key engineering products like electric machinery, auto parts, industrial equipment, and construction machinery projected to grow at 12.20 per cent CAGR. Electronics and Software (ESC):
Zero-duty access is expected to accelerate exports of electronic products, with smartphones, optical fibre cables, and inverters set to strengthen India’s foothold in the UK market.
Ambitious UK commitments for Software and IT-enabled Services to unlock new markets, drive job creation, and enhance export potential for Indian software firms; 15-20 per cent annual growth projected from current USD 32 billion in 2024-25. Pharma:
India exports USD 23.31 billion globally and the UK imports nearly USD 30 billion, but Indian pharma accounts for under USD 1 billion, indicating significant headroom for growth.
Generics get the sweet medicine – The zero tariff provisions under the FTA are expected to significantly enhance the competitiveness of Indian generics in the UK market, which remains India’s largest pharmaceutical export destination in Europe.
Number of medical devices like surgical instruments, diagnostic equipment, ECG machines, X-Ray systems will not attract any duty.
This will reduce costs for Indian med-tech companies and make their products more competitive in the UK market. Chemicals:
The FTA is anticipated to trigger a dramatic 30-40 per cent increase in India’s chemical exports to the UK, propelling figures to an estimated USD 650-750 million in 2025-26.
In chemicals and allied products, India exports over USD 40.52 bn globally, against the UK’s imports of USD 35.11 billion, but captures only USD 843 million of that market, highlighting a potential to scale up, especially with improved market access under the FTA. Plastics:
Duty-free access presents opportunity to tap into the UK’s robust demand for plastics, films, sheets, pipes, packaging, tableware, and kitchenware, segments where India has proven manufacturing strength.
Duty-free access allows India to better compete with the UK’s major import sources, such as Germany, China, the United States, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
Projected growth is 15 per cent, and the target for the next 5 years for the calendar year 2030 is USD 186.97 million. Sports goods/toys:
Exports of soccer balls, cricket gear, rugby balls, and non-electronic toys are set to increase.
Indian sports goods and toys will benefit from eliminating UK import duties, making them more price-competitive compared to countries like China or Vietnam, which do not have similar FTAs with the UK. Gems and Jewellery:
India’s total G&J exports to the UK are valued at USD 941 million, with USD 400 million coming from jewellery. The FTA opens up a huge market as the UK imports approximately USD 3 billion worth of jewellery annually.
Tariff relaxations under the FTA are projected to double India’s gems and Jewellery exports to the UK within the next 2-3 years. Leather:
From 16 per cent to zero, tariffs eliminated on India’s leather and footwear, empowering India’s craftsmanship to walk tall worldwide.
The FTA is projected to add 5 per cent UK market share within 1-2 years. Exports are expected to exceed USD 900 million.
MSMEs in hubs like Agra, Kanpur, Kolhapur, Chennai to benefit from tariff-free exports; GI protection; simplified standards. Others:
India stands to benefit from the duty elimination of tariffs on approximately 99 per cent of tariff lines, covering nearly 100 per cent of the trade value.
In key labour-intensive sectors, duties have been reduced to zero from previously up to 20 per cent on marine products, 12 per cent on textiles and clothing, 8 per cent on chemicals, and 10 per cent on base metals.
In the processed food sector, tariffs on 99.7 per cent of lines have been slashed from as high as 70 per cent to zero, offering a major boost for Indian exporters. Indian services sectors:
The FTA eases mobility for Indian professionals, including Contractual Service Suppliers: Those working on specific projects for a UK client.
Independent Professionals: Skilled individuals like yoga instructors, classical musicians, and Chef de Cuisine will find it easier to offer their services in the UK. Innovation chapter (First of its kind):
India-UK FTA India Inc says lower trade barriers more market access to create jobs boost GDP
The pact was signed in London on Thursday in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his British counterpart Keir Starmer. The agreement will pave the way for duty-free access to 99 per cent of Indian exports, particularly from labour-intensive sectors like textiles, marine products, leather, footwear, engineering goods, auto components, engines, and chemicals. Lowering of trade barriers and increased market access across several industries will enable greater flow of coveted goods and resources across the two markets, increase exports and imports, drive consumer demand, bring investments and add to GDP, industry leaders said. The India-UK Free Trade Agreement signals a significant step forward for the climate-tech sector, said the CEO & Founder at Ostara Advisors, Vasudha Madhavan. It is likely to prompt UK investors to adopt a more strategic, long-term approach to India’s clean energy transition, she added.
The pact, officially called Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), was signed in London on Thursday in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his British counterpart Keir Starmer.
Amit Kalyani, Vice-Chairman & Joint MD, Bharat Forge Ltd., said, “India-UK FTA marks a breakthrough for India’s engineering and manufacturing industries, with zero-duty access on about 99 per cent of tariff lines covering almost 100 per cent of trade value. Indian manufacturers can now tap into the UK market with greater competitiveness, improving their global footprint.”
He observed that this agreement will have positive impact on trade, investment, and economic growth in both the countries.
P D Singh, CEO, India & South Asia, Standard Chartered Bank, said: “The agreement is important, considering global business headwinds buffeting economies across the globe. Lowering of trade barriers and increased market access across several industries such as financial services, automobiles, pharmaceutical and infrastructure will enable greater flow of coveted goods and resources across the two markets, increase exports and imports, create necessary jobs, drive consumer demand, bring investments and add to GDP.”
Sanjaya Mariwala, Executive Chairman and Managing Director of OmniActive Health Technologies, said with regulatory barriers coming down, Indian healthcare companies will find it easier to operate in the UK, and that can lead to more affordable services and better collaboration.
Vasudha Madhavan, CEO & Founder at Ostara Advisors, said the India-UK Free Trade Agreement signals a significant step forward for the climate-tech sector, establishing a more predictable policy environment and stronger safeguards for investment.
“It is likely to prompt UK investors to adopt a more strategic, long-term approach to India’s clean energy transition, paving the way for deeper partnerships in electric mobility, green hydrogen, and climate-resilient infrastructure,” she added.
Vivek Tandon, Founder, revalyu Group, termed the India-UK Free Trade Agreement as a transformative milestone for India’s manufacturing and export landscape, ensuring zero-duty access on nearly all goods for both nations.
“This removes the historical 8-12 per cent import tariff, creating a level-playing field with major exporters like Bangladesh and Vietnam boosting bilateral trade by an expected 25 billion pounds per annum by 2040. Among those most poised to benefit is India’s textile and garment industry, which is projected to double exports to the UK over the next five to six years, driven by an anticipated 11 per cent CAGR,” he said.
Ajay Piramal, Chairman and Executive Director at Piramal Enterprises, said the FTA is “more than a trade agreement — it’s a catalyst for job creation, youth empowerment, and building a future-ready workforce”.
“The historic free trade agreement (FTA) signed between the UK and India will significantly improve market access for Indian companies and will boost bilateral trade by around USD 34 billion annually. This agreement will pave the way for duty-free access to 99 per cent of Indian exports, particularly from labour-intensive sectors like textiles, marine products, leather, footwear, engineering goods, auto components, engines, and chemicals.
“Overall, this development will have a very positive impact on the country’s economy and could provide a major boost to the manufacturing sector, especially to the MSME sector,” Arun Poddar, CEO at Choice International Ltd, said.
Amit Baid, Head of Tax at BTG Advaya, said that amid shifting global supply chains, the India-UK trade deal unlocks a two-way corridor of opportunity
“Scotch whisky and luxury cars will enter India more affordably, while Indian textiles, seafood, and engineering goods gain ground in the UK. The real success, however, will depend on how effectively both sides convert this market access into meaningful outcomes for jobs, supply chains, and investors,” he added.
Historic India-UK trade deal – a giant leap for New India
The landmark India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) will make Indian farmers, fishermen, artisans and small businesses shine globally, says Piyush Goyal. It is a part of the Modi government’s strategy to maximize economic growth and job creation to achieve the dream of Viksit Bharat 2047. CETA will ensure comprehensive market access for Indian goods in the UK market across all sectors. It eliminates tariffs on about 99% of the tariff lines covering almost 100% ofThe trade value. This creates huge opportunities for the $56 billion bilateral trade, which is estimated to double by 2030 with the help CETA. India is well-positioned to become one of the top three suppliers to the UK in textiles, leather, and footwear. The agreement will catalyze services including IT/ITeS, financial services and education. It will create numerous jobs across the agricultural value chain. With the Australian FTA, India had secured a binding commitment of $100 billion investment that will create 1 million direct jobs.
The landmark India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) will make Indian farmers, fishermen, artisans and small businesses shine globally, create numerous jobs and help the common man get high-quality goods at competitive rates in line with the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
This follows similar agreements with other developed countries including Australia, European Free Trade Association countries and UAE. It is a part of the Modi government’s strategy to maximize economic growth and job creation to achieve the dream of Viksit Bharat 2047.
PM’s Strategy – In 2014, the Modi government adopted a determined strategy to rebuild global confidence in the Indian economy and make it attractive for Indian and foreign investors. Signing FTAs with developed countries is a part of this wider strategy. FTAs also increase investor confidence by removing uncertainty about trade policies.
FTAs with developed countries, which do not have competing trade interests with India, is a win-win situation, unlike the previous regime’s approach of endangering Indian businesses by recklessly opening India’s doors to competitors.
During UPA’s regime, developed countries had abandoned trade talks with India, which was then regarded as one of the “Fragile Five” economies of the world. Under PM Modi’s leadership, India’s GDP has almost tripled since 2014 to about Rs 331 lakh crore. Game-changing reforms, ease of doing business and the PM’s global stature helped India emerge as a compelling opportunity. Today, the world wants to participate in the irresistible India story – and sign FTAs.
Market Access, competitive edge – CETA will ensure comprehensive market access for Indian goods in the UK market across all sectors. It eliminates tariffs on about 99% of the tariff lines covering almost 100% of the trade value. This creates huge opportunities for the $56 billion bilateral trade, which is estimated to double by 2030 with the help CETA.
Small businesses will prosper as Indian products will have a clear competitive edge over rivals. Companies that make soccer balls, cricket gear, rugby balls and toys, among other products, are poised to significantly expand business in the UK.
Numerous Jobs – India’s competitive will boost exports substantially and trigger a wave of investment and job creation. India is well-positioned to become one of the top three suppliers to the UK in textiles, leather, and footwear, which will help small businesses, artisans including women, and craftsmen emerge as key players in global value chains.
Gems & jewellery, engineering goods, chemicals and electronic products such as phones are also expected to see exports jump.
Farmers First –Over 95% of agricultural and processed food tariff lines will attract zero duty, paving the way for rapid rise in agri-exports and rural prosperity.
Duty-free market access is estimated to increase agri exports by over 20% in three years, contributing to India’s goal of $100 billion agri-exports by 2030 as the CETA unlocks the premium UK market for Indian farmers, matching or exceeding the benefits enjoyed by Germany, Netherlands, and other EU nations.
Turmeric, pepper, cardamom, and processed goods like mango pulp, pickles, and pulses will also get duty-free access. Higher exports will boost farm income and give greater incentives for quality, packaging and certification. It will create numerous jobs across the agricultural value chain.
Protecting the vulnerable – CETA excludes India’s most sensitive agri sectors to protect domestic farmers. India has given no tariff concessions on dairy products, applies, oats and cooking oils.
These exclusions reflect the Modi government’s strategy of prioritizing food security, domestic price stability, and vulnerable farming communities.
Fishermen to flourish – Indian fishermen, particularly those in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, will see dramatic expansion through access to UK’s marine import market.
UK’s import duty on shrimp and other marine products will fall to zero from the current level of up to 20%.
The potential is phenomenal as India has only a 2.25% of UK’s $5.4 billion marine imports.
Services & Professionals – The agreement will catalyze services including IT/ITeS, financial services and education, creating new avenues for Indians. India has secured favourable mobility provisions for skilled professionals, including contractual service providers, business travelers, investors, yoga instructors, musicians and chefs.
Innovative FTAs – Under the leadership of PM Modi, India’s FTAs go far beyond goods and services. They set new benchmarks. With EFTA countries, India had secured a binding commitment of $100 billion investment that will create 1 million direct jobs in India. With the Australian FTA, India resolved the double-taxation issue that was troubling IT companies.
One of the most significant aspects of the agreement with UK is the Double Contribution Convention. This exempts employers and temporary Indian workers in UK from social security contributions for three years. This will significantly enhance the competitiveness of Indian service providers.
Quality Goods for Consumer– Trade agreements increase competition, which helps Indian consumers get high-quality goods at competitive prices. The Modi government has provided policy support, issued Quality Control Orders and negotiated FTAs to encourage and incentivize quality.
The government has held extensive stakeholder consultation with industry and other stakeholders before signing any FTA. It is heartening to note that industry bodies have overwhelmingly supported and welcomed every FTA signed by the Modi government.
CETA is a benchmark for equitable and ambitious trade deals between large economies. It opens up attractive global opportunities for the underprivileged, without compromising our core interests. It is a shining example of how New India does business.
Courtesy PIB, Srinagar
Union Minister of Commerce and Industry titled “Historic India-UK trade deal – a giant leap for New India”
India-UK Free Trade Pact: A Game-Changer for Bilateral Relations
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is being hailed as a transformative milestone for both countries’ economic landscapes. The agreement is poised to dismantle longstanding trade barriers, paving the way for enhanced market access.
Industry leaders believe the pact will significantly boost sectors like engineering, manufacturing, and financial services. Amit Kalyani of Bharat Forge emphasized the zero-duty access for Indian manufacturers, while P D Singh from Standard Chartered noted the positive implications for jobs and GDP growth.
Additionally, the agreement is expected to foster advancements in climate-tech cooperation and clean energy initiatives. As regulatory barriers fall, new opportunities are emerging for textiles, healthcare, and luxury goods, creating a more favorable business environment and stimulating bilateral economic ties.
(With inputs from agencies.)
Source: https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/editorial/fta-and-the-ties-beyond-trade-3649238