London, Jul 1 (AP) UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer marks a year in office this week, fighting a rebellion from his own party in a vote Tuesday on welfare reform and reckoning with a sluggish economy and rock-bottom approval ratings.

It’s a long way from the landslide election victory he won on July 4, 2024, when Starmer’s centre-left Labour Party took 412 of the 650 seats in the House of Commons to end 14 years of Conservative government.

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In the past 12 months, Starmer has navigated the rapids of a turbulent world, winning praise for rallying international support for Ukraine and persuading US President Donald Trump to sign a trade deal easing tariffs on UK goods.

But at home his agenda is on the rocks, as he struggles to convince British voters — and his own party — that his government is delivering the change that it promised.

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Inflation remains stubbornly high and economic growth low, frustrating efforts to ease the cost of living. Starmer’s personal approval ratings are approaching those of Conservative Prime Minister Liz Truss, who lasted just 49 days in office in 2022 after her tax-cutting budget roiled the economy.

John Curtice, a political scientist at the University of Strathclyde, said that Starmer has had “the worst start for any newly elected prime minister”.

Rebellion over welfare reform

On Tuesday, Starmer faces a vote in Parliament on welfare spending after watering down planned cuts to disability benefits that caused consternation from Labour lawmakers.

Many balked at plans to raise the threshold for the payments by requiring a more severe physical or mental disability, a move the Institute for Fiscal Studies think tank estimated would cut the income of 3.2 million people by 2030.

After more than 120 Labour lawmakers said they would vote against the bill — more than enough to defeat it — the government offered concessions, including a guarantee that no one currently getting benefits will be affected by the change.

“We have listened to the concerns that have been raised to help us get these changes right,” Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall said as she opened the debate on the bill in the House of Commons.

But while some rebels backed down, others maintained their opposition, forcing the government to offer a further concession hours before the Tuesday evening vote. Ministers pledged that changes to benefits would not be made until after a review, carried out with the help of disability groups.

That came after a string of Labour lawmakers spoke against the bill in Parliament. One, Rachel Maskell, called the cuts “Dickensian”.

“They are far from what this Labour Party is for: a party to protect the poor,” she said.

The welfare U-turn is the third time in a few weeks that the government has reversed course on a policy under pressure. In May, it dropped a plan to end winter home heating subsidies for millions of retirees.

In June, Starmer announced a national inquiry into organized child sexual abuse, something he was pressured to do by opposition politicians — and Elon Musk.

“It’s a failure of leadership for a prime minister with such a big majority to not be able to get their agenda through,” said Rob Ford, professor of politics at the University of Manchester. “I can’t think of many examples of a prime minister in postwar politics suffering such a big setback when presiding over such a strong position in the Commons.”

The U-turns also make it harder for the government to find money to invest in public services without raising taxes. The government estimated that its welfare reforms would save 5 billion pounds ($7 billion) a year from a welfare bill that has ballooned since the COVID-19 pandemic. After the concessions, it’s only likely to save about half that amount.

Starmer acknowledges errors

The government argues that it has achieved much in its first year: It has raised the minimum wage, strengthened workers’ rights, launched new social housing projects and pumped money into the state-funded health system.

But it has also raised taxes for employers and farmers, as well as squeezing benefits, blaming previous Conservative governments for the need to make tough choices. That downbeat argument has done little to make Starmer popular.

In recent days, Starmer has acknowledged mistakes. He told The Sunday Times that he was “heavily focused on what was happening with NATO and the Middle East,” while the welfare rebellion was brewing at home, and should have acted sooner to win over colleagues.

UK politics in flux

Starmer’s struggles are all the more striking, because the opposition Conservative Party had its worst-ever election result in 2024, reduced to only 121 lawmakers.

But UK politics is in unpredictable flux. A big chunk of Conservative support — and some of Labour’s — shifted in this spring’s local elections to Reform UK, a hard-right party led by veteran political pressure-cooker Nigel Farage.

Reform has just five legislators in the House of Commons, but regularly comes out on top in opinion polls. If the shift continues, it could end a century of dominance by the two big parties.

Starmer’s key asset at the moment is time. He doesn’t have to call an election until 2029.

“There’s still plenty of time to turn things around,” Ford said. But he said that the Labour lawmakers’ rebellion “will make things harder going forward, because it’s not like this is the end of difficult decisions that he’s going to have to make.

“Barring some magical unexpected economic boom… there’s going to be a hell of a lot more fights to come,” he said. (AP)

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Keir Starmer (born September 2, 1962, London , England) is a British politician and barrister (lawyer) who became leader of the Labour Party in 2020. He has served as a member of Parliament for Holborn and St. Pancras since 2015. Starmer became prime minister of the United Kingdom, replacing Rishi Sunak , after a landslide Labour victory in the July 4, 2024, British general election.

Early life and legal career

Starmer is one of four children of Rodney Starmer, who worked as a toolmaker in a factory, and Josephine (née Baker) Starmer, a nurse. He was named Keir after the first parliamentary leader of the Labour Party, J. Keir Hardie. Starmer grew up in Surrey and attended Reigate Grammar School, a selective state school that became private during his time as a student there. The first member of his family to attain a university degree, he graduated from the University of Leeds with a bachelor of law degree in 1985. He next earned a postgraduate bachelor of civil law degree at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. Between 1986 and 1987 Starmer belonged to the editorial collective of the left-wing magazine Socialist Alternatives.

In 1987 Starmer began practicing as a barrister at the Middle Temple, one of London’s Inns of Court. Three years later he cofounded the Doughty Street Chambers legal practice, for which he acted as joint head for several years, beginning in 2002. That same year he was appointed queen’s (now king’s) counsel (a senior barrister chosen to serve as a counsel to the crown).

While practicing law, Starmer focused largely on criminal defense work, with a special emphasis on human rights issues, both in the U.K. and overseas. He defended convicts sentenced to the death penalty in several Caribbean countries and was also a member of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s death penalty advisory panel from 2002 to 2008. In addition, he served as the human rights adviser to the Northern Ireland Policing Board (2003–08) and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO). He would later cite his time in these roles as a major influence on his decision to run for Parliament.

Starmer became the director of public prosecutions (DPP) and head of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in 2008 and remained in that position until 2013 Among the most prominent cases that occurred during Starmer’s tenure as DPP was the sexual abuse scandal involving media personality Jimmy Savile, whom the CPS chose, controversially, not to prosecute. In 2022 Conservative Prime Minister Boris Johnson would make a seemingly politically motivated (and unsubstantiated) accusation that Starmer had been responsible for the decision not to prosecute Savile. At least partly in response to the scandal (and the mistaken notion that false accusations of rape are commonplace), Starmer implemented changes in the handling of sexual abuse allegations to avoid approaches that could “lead to injustice” for victims of rape.

While DPP, Starmer oversaw the prosecution of Chris Huhne, secretary of state for energy and climate change, who was forced to resign from the cabinet of the Conservative-Liberal coalition government as a result of criminal proceedings related to a speeding incident. During the 2011 riots that erupted in London and a number of other British cities, Starmer favored the tactic of quick prosecutions over long sentences. In 2014 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) for his service to law and criminal justice.